从Python列表中删除所有出现的值

lists = [6.9,7,8.9,3,5,4.9,1,2.9,7,9,12.9,10.9,11,7]
def remove_values_from_list():
    for list in lists:
      if(list!=7):
         print(list)
remove_values_from_list()

结果:6.9 8.9 3 5 4.9 12.9 9 12.9 10.9 11

另外,

lists = [6.9,7,8.9,3,5,4.9,1,2.9,7,9,12.9,10.9,11,7]
def remove_values_from_list(remove):
    for list in lists:
      if(list!=remove):
        print(list)
remove_values_from_list(7)

结果:6.9 8.9 3 5 4.9 12.9 9 12.9 10.9 11

参见简单的解决方案

>>> [i for i in x if i != 2]

这将返回一个包含x的所有元素的列表，没有2

你可以使用列表推导式:

def remove_values_from_list(the_list, val):
   return [value for value in the_list if value != val]

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3]
x = remove_values_from_list(x, 2)
print x
# [1, 3, 4, 3]

Let

>>> x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3]

最简单有效的解决方案是

>>> x[:] = [v for v in x if v != 2]
>>> x
[1, 3, 4, 3]

另一种使用较少内存但速度较慢的方法是

>>> for i in range(len(x) - 1, -1, -1):
        if x[i] == 2:
            x.pop(i)  # takes time ~ len(x) - i
>>> x
[1, 3, 4, 3]

长度为1000和100000且有10%匹配条目的列表的计时结果:0.16 vs 0.25 ms, 23 vs 123 ms。

关于速度!

import time
s_time = time.time()

print 'start'
a = range(100000000)
del a[:]
print 'finished in %0.2f' % (time.time() - s_time)
# start
# finished in 3.25

s_time = time.time()
print 'start'
a = range(100000000)
a = []
print 'finished in %0.2f' % (time.time() - s_time)
# start
# finished in 2.11

我们也可以使用del或pop来进行就地删除:

import random

def remove_values_from_list(lst, target):
    if type(lst) != list:
        return lst

    i = 0
    while i < len(lst):
        if lst[i] == target:
            lst.pop(i)  # length decreased by 1 already
        else:
            i += 1

    return lst

remove_values_from_list(None, 2)
remove_values_from_list([], 2)
remove_values_from_list([1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3], 2)
lst = remove_values_from_list([random.randrange(0, 10) for x in range(1000000)], 2)
print(len(lst))

现在说说效率:

In [21]: %timeit -n1 -r1 x = random.randrange(0,10)
1 loop, best of 1: 43.5 us per loop

In [22]: %timeit -n1 -r1 lst = [random.randrange(0, 10) for x in range(1000000)]
g1 loop, best of 1: 660 ms per loop

In [23]: %timeit -n1 -r1 lst = remove_values_from_list([random.randrange(0, 10) for x in range(1000000)]
    ...: , random.randrange(0,10))
1 loop, best of 1: 11.5 s per loop

In [27]: %timeit -n1 -r1 x = random.randrange(0,10); lst = [a for a in [random.randrange(0, 10) for x in
    ...:  range(1000000)] if x != a]
1 loop, best of 1: 710 ms per loop

正如我们所看到的，原地版本remove_values_from_list()不需要任何额外的内存，但它确实需要更多的时间来运行:

11秒的位置删除值 710毫秒用于列表推导，它在内存中分配一个新列表