“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”错误

我得到以下错误:

Exception in thread Thread-3:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in        __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 763, in  run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "/Users/Matthew/Desktop/Skypebot 2.0/bot.py", line 271, in process
info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 431, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 449, in _open
'_open', req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1240, in https_open
context=self._context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1197, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)>

下面是导致这个错误的代码:

if input.startswith("!web"):
    input = input.replace("!web ", "")      
    url = "https://domainsearch.p.mashape.com/index.php?name=" + input
    req = urllib2.Request(url, headers={ 'X-Mashape-Key': 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' })
    info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
    Message.Chat.SendMessage ("" + info)

我正在使用的API要求我使用HTTPS。我怎样才能让它绕过验证呢?

当前回答

有些情况下，你不能使用不安全的连接或传递ssl上下文到urllib请求。这里我的解决方案基于 https://stackoverflow.com/a/28052583/6709778

在这种情况下，如果您想使用自己的证书文件

import ssl

def new_ssl_context_decorator(*args, **kwargs):
    kwargs['cafile'] = '/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt'
    return ssl.create_default_context(*args, **kwargs)

ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

或者您可以使用certifi中的共享文件

def new_ssl_context_decorator(*args, **kwargs):
    import certifi
    kwargs['cafile'] = certifi.where()
    return ssl.create_default_context(*args, **kwargs)

2020-05-28 15:23:44

其他回答

我很惊讶所有这些指导都没有解决我的问题。尽管如此，诊断是正确的(顺便说一句，我使用Mac和Python3.6.1)。所以，总结一下正确的部分:

在Mac上，苹果放弃了OpenSSL Python现在使用它自己的CA根证书集二进制Python安装提供了一个脚本来安装Python所需的CA根证书("/Applications/Python 3.6/ install Certificates.command") 详细信息请阅读“/Applications/Python 3.6/ReadMe.rtf”

对我来说，脚本不能工作，所有那些证书和openssl安装也未能修复。也许是因为我安装了多个python2和python3，以及许多virtualenv。最后，我需要手工修理它。

pip install certifi   # for your virtualenv
mkdir -p /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/etc/openssl
cp -a <your virtualenv>/site-package/certifi/cacert.pem \
  /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/etc/openssl/cert.pem

如果你还不满意的话。然后重新安装OpenSSL。

port install openssl

2017-11-18 21:50:51

这不是您特定问题的解决方案，但我把它放在这里是因为这个线程是“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”的顶部谷歌结果，它导致我在一个徒劳的追逐。

If you have installed Python 3.6 on OSX and are getting the "SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED" error when trying to connect to an https:// site, it's probably because Python 3.6 on OSX has no certificates at all, and can't validate any SSL connections. This is a change for 3.6 on OSX, and requires a post-install step, which installs the certifi package of certificates. This is documented in the file ReadMe.rtf, which you can find at /Applications/Python\ 3.6/ReadMe.rtf (see also the file Conclusion.rtf, and the script build-installer.py that generates the macOS installer).

ReadMe会让你运行安装后的脚本

/Applications/Python\ 3.10/Install\ Certificates.command(终端应用程序，这个命令应该单独解决问题。请确保使用当前的subversion更新文件路径。)

(它的源是install_certificates.command)，其中:

首先安装Python包certifi，然后然后创建一个从OpenSSL证书文件到包certificate安装的证书文件的符号链接。

发布说明有更多信息:https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-360/

在较新的Python版本中，有更多关于此的文档:

https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/ReadMe.rtf#L22-L34 https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/Conclusion.rtf#L15-L19 https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/Welcome.rtf#L23-L25 https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/install_certificates.command https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/README.rst https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/build-installer.py#L239-L246

2017-02-19 23:49:46

对于Centos 6/7、Fedora上的Python 3.4+，只需按如下方式安装受信任CA:

拷贝CA.crt到/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ update-ca-trust force-enable update-ca-trust提取

2016-05-05 14:57:42

我在我的一台Linux机器上遇到了类似的问题。生成新的证书并导出指向证书目录的环境变量，为我修复了它:

$ sudo update-ca-certificates --fresh
$ export SSL_CERT_DIR=/etc/ssl/certs

2019-09-12 15:34:03

看一看

/Applications/Python 3.6/Install Certificates.command

您也可以进入Finder中的Applications文件夹，然后单击Certificates.command

2017-08-16 14:49:54

“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”错误

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