a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,3,5,6]
c = a and b
print c

实际输出:[1,3,5,6] 预期输出:[1,3,5]

如何在两个列表上实现布尔AND操作(列表交集)?


当前回答

对我来说,使用列表推导式是一个非常明显的方法。不确定性能如何,但至少能保持列表。

[x for x in a if x in b]

或者"所有在A中的x值,如果x值在B中"

其他回答

如果布尔与是指同时出现在两个列表中的项,例如交集,那么你应该看看Python的set和frozenset类型。

从较大的集合中创建一个集合:

_auxset = set(a)

然后,

c = [x for x in b if x in _auxset]

会做你想做的(保留b的顺序,而不是a的顺序——不一定能同时保留两者),而且动作要快。(使用a中的if x作为列表理解中的条件也可以工作,并且避免了构建_auxset的需要,但不幸的是,对于相当长的列表,它会慢得多)。

如果你想对结果进行排序,而不是保持列表的顺序,一个更整洁的方法可能是:

c = sorted(set(a).intersection(b))

这样可以得到两个列表的交集,也可以得到公共重复项。

>>> from collections import Counter
>>> a = Counter([1,2,3,4,5])
>>> b = Counter([1,3,5,6])
>>> a &= b
>>> list(a.elements())
[1, 3, 5]

如果你将两个列表中较大的一个转换为一个集合,你可以使用intersection()获得该集合与任何可迭代对象的交集:

a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,3,5,6]
set(a).intersection(b)

这可能是晚了,但我只是认为我应该分享的情况下,你需要手动做(显示工作-哈哈)或当你需要所有元素出现尽可能多的次数或当你也需要它是唯一的。

请注意,还为它编写了测试。



    from nose.tools import assert_equal

    '''
    Given two lists, print out the list of overlapping elements
    '''

    def overlap(l_a, l_b):
        '''
        compare the two lists l_a and l_b and return the overlapping
        elements (intersecting) between the two
        '''

        #edge case is when they are the same lists
        if l_a == l_b:
            return [] #no overlapping elements

        output = []

        if len(l_a) == len(l_b):
            for i in range(l_a): #same length so either one applies
                if l_a[i] in l_b:
                    output.append(l_a[i])

            #found all by now
            #return output #if repetition does not matter
            return list(set(output))

        else:
            #find the smallest and largest lists and go with that
            sm = l_a if len(l_a)  len(l_b) else l_b

            for i in range(len(sm)):
                if sm[i] in lg:
                    output.append(sm[i])

            #return output #if repetition does not matter
            return list(set(output))

    ## Test the Above Implementation

    a = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]
    b = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
    exp = [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]

    c = [4, 4, 5, 6]
    d = [5, 7, 4, 8 ,6 ] #assuming it is not ordered
    exp2 = [4, 5, 6]

    class TestOverlap(object):

        def test(self, sol):
            t = sol(a, b)
            assert_equal(t, exp)
            print('Comparing the two lists produces')
            print(t)

            t = sol(c, d)
            assert_equal(t, exp2)
            print('Comparing the two lists produces')
            print(t)

            print('All Tests Passed!!')

    t = TestOverlap()
    t.test(overlap)