这里有一个快速的技巧来演示如何做你想做的事情。

#include <stdio.h>      /* printf */
#include <string.h>     /* strcat */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* strtol */

const char *byte_to_binary
(
    int x
)
{
    static char b[9];
    b[0] = '\0';

    int z;
    for (z = 128; z > 0; z >>= 1)
    {
        strcat(b, ((x & z) == z) ? "1" : "0");
    }

    return b;
}

int main
(
    void
)
{
    {
        /* binary string to int */

        char *tmp;
        char *b = "0101";

        printf("%d\n", strtol(b, &tmp, 2));
    }

    {
        /* byte to binary string */

        printf("%s\n", byte_to_binary(5));
    }
    
    return 0;
}

const char* byte_to_binary(int x)
{
    static char b[sizeof(int)*8+1] = {0};
    int y;
    long long z;

    for (z = 1LL<<sizeof(int)*8-1, y = 0; z > 0; z >>= 1, y++) {
        b[y] = (((x & z) == z) ? '1' : '0');
    }
    b[y] = 0;

    return b;
}

我只是想把我的解贴出来。它用于获取一个字节的0和1，但多次调用此函数可以用于更大的数据块。我将它用于128位或更大的结构。还可以修改它，使用size_t作为输入参数和指向想要打印的数据的指针，因此它可以与大小无关。但这对我很管用。

void print_binary(unsigned char c)
{
 unsigned char i1 = (1 << (sizeof(c)*8-1));
 for(; i1; i1 >>= 1)
      printf("%d",(c&i1)!=0);
}

void get_binary(unsigned char c, unsigned char bin[])
{
 unsigned char i1 = (1 << (sizeof(c)*8-1)), i2=0;
 for(; i1; i1>>=1, i2++)
      bin[i2] = ((c&i1)!=0);
}

下面是paniq解决方案的一个小变种，它使用模板来允许打印32位和64位整数:

template<class T>
inline std::string format_binary(T x)
{
    char b[sizeof(T)*8+1] = {0};

    for (size_t z = 0; z < sizeof(T)*8; z++)
        b[sizeof(T)*8-1-z] = ((x>>z) & 0x1) ? '1' : '0';

    return std::string(b);
}

并且可以这样使用:

unsigned int value32 = 0x1e127ad;
printf( "  0x%x: %s\n", value32, format_binary(value32).c_str() );

unsigned long long value64 = 0x2e0b04ce0;
printf( "0x%llx: %s\n", value64, format_binary(value64).c_str() );

结果如下:

  0x1e127ad: 00000001111000010010011110101101
0x2e0b04ce0: 0000000000000000000000000000001011100000101100000100110011100000

简单，经过测试，适用于任何无符号整数类型。没有头痛。

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>

// Prints the binary representation of any unsigned integer
// When running, pass 1 to first_call
void printf_binary(unsigned int number, int first_call)
{
        if (first_call)
        {
                printf("The binary representation of %d is [", number);
        }
        if (number >> 1)
        {
                printf_binary(number >> 1, 0);
                putc((number & 1) ? '1' : '0', stdout);
        }
        else 
        {
                putc((number & 1) ? '1' : '0', stdout);
        }
        if (first_call)
        {
                printf("]\n");
        }
}

至于我，我为此编写了一些通用代码

#include<stdio.h>
void int2bin(int n, int* bin, int* bin_size, const int  bits);

int main()
{
    char ch;
    ch = 'A';
    int binary[32];
    int binary_size = 0;
    
    int2bin(1324, binary, &binary_size, 32);
    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
    {
        printf("%d  ", binary[i]);
    }
    
    
    return 0;
}

void int2bin(int n, int* bin,int *bin_size,const int  bits)
{
    int i = 0;
    int temp[64];
    for (int j = 0; j < 64; j++)
    {
        temp[j] = 0;
    }
    for (int l = 0; l < bits; l++)
    {
        bin[l] = 0;
    }

    while (n > 0)
    {
        temp[i] = n % 2;
        n = n / 2;
        i++;
    }
    *bin_size = i;

    //reverse modulus values
    for (int k = 0; k < *bin_size; k++)
    {
        bin[bits-*bin_size+k] = temp[*bin_size - 1 - k];
    }
}