我想提供两种不同的序列化器，并且能够从ModelViewSet的所有功能中受益:

当查看对象列表时，我希望每个对象都有一个url，该url重定向到其详细信息，并且每个其他关系都使用目标模型的__unicode __出现;

例子:

{
  "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/gruppi/2/",
  "nome": "universitari",
  "descrizione": "unitn!",
  "creatore": "emilio",
  "accesso": "CHI",
  "membri": [
    "emilio",
    "michele",
    "luisa",
    "ivan",
    "saverio"
  ]
}

在查看对象的详细信息时，我希望使用默认的HyperlinkedModelSerializer

例子:

{
  "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/gruppi/2/",
  "nome": "universitari",
  "descrizione": "unitn!",
  "creatore": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/3/",
  "accesso": "CHI",
  "membri": [
    "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/3/",
    "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/4/",
    "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/5/",
    "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/6/",
    "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/7/"
  ]
}

我通过以下方法做到了这一切:

serializers.py

# serializer to use when showing a list
class ListaGruppi(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    membri = serializers.RelatedField(many = True)
    creatore = serializers.RelatedField(many = False)

    class Meta:
        model = models.Gruppi

# serializer to use when showing the details
class DettaglioGruppi(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Gruppi

views.py

class DualSerializerViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    ViewSet providing different serializers for list and detail views.

    Use list_serializer and detail_serializer to provide them
    """
    def list(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.serializer_class = self.list_serializer
        return viewsets.ModelViewSet.list(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def retrieve(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.serializer_class = self.detail_serializer
        return viewsets.ModelViewSet.retrieve(self, *args, **kwargs)

class GruppiViewSet(DualSerializerViewSet):
    model = models.Gruppi
    list_serializer = serializers.ListaGruppi
    detail_serializer = serializers.DettaglioGruppi

    # etc.

基本上，我检测用户何时请求列表视图或详细视图，并更改serializer_class以满足我的需要。但我对这段代码并不满意，它看起来像一个肮脏的黑客，最重要的是，如果两个用户同时请求一个列表和一个细节怎么办?

是否有更好的方法来实现这个使用ModelViewSets或我必须返回使用GenericAPIView?

编辑: 下面是如何使用一个自定义的基础ModelViewSet:

class MultiSerializerViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    serializers = { 
        'default': None,
    }

    def get_serializer_class(self):
            return self.serializers.get(self.action,
                        self.serializers['default'])

class GruppiViewSet(MultiSerializerViewSet):
    model = models.Gruppi

    serializers = {
        'list':    serializers.ListaGruppi,
        'detail':  serializers.DettaglioGruppi,
        # etc.
    }