我有一些单元测试,期望“当前时间”与DateTime不同。显然,我不想改变电脑的时间。

实现这一目标的最佳策略是什么?


当前回答

使用ThreadLocal<T>的线程安全SystemClock非常适合我。

ThreadLocal<T>在. net Framework v4.0及更高版本中可用。

/// <summary>
/// Provides access to system time while allowing it to be set to a fixed <see cref="DateTime"/> value.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// This class is thread safe.
/// </remarks>
public static class SystemClock
{
    private static readonly ThreadLocal<Func<DateTime>> _getTime =
        new ThreadLocal<Func<DateTime>>(() => () => DateTime.Now);

    /// <inheritdoc cref="DateTime.Today"/>
    public static DateTime Today
    {
        get { return _getTime.Value().Date; }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc cref="DateTime.Now"/>
    public static DateTime Now
    {
        get { return _getTime.Value(); }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc cref="DateTime.UtcNow"/>
    public static DateTime UtcNow
    {
        get { return _getTime.Value().ToUniversalTime(); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Sets a fixed (deterministic) time for the current thread to return by <see cref="SystemClock"/>.
    /// </summary>
    public static void Set(DateTime time)
    {
        if (time.Kind != DateTimeKind.Local)
            time = time.ToLocalTime();

        _getTime.Value = () => time;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Resets <see cref="SystemClock"/> to return the current <see cref="DateTime.Now"/>.
    /// </summary>
    public static void Reset()
    {
        _getTime.Value = () => DateTime.Now;
    }
}

使用的例子:

[TestMethod]
public void Today()
{
    SystemClock.Set(new DateTime(2015, 4, 3));

    DateTime expectedDay = new DateTime(2015, 4, 2);
    DateTime yesterday = SystemClock.Today.AddDays(-1D);
    Assert.AreEqual(expectedDay, yesterday);

    SystemClock.Reset();
}

其他回答

好的做法是,当DateTimeProvider实现IDisposable时。

public class DateTimeProvider : IDisposable 
{ 
    [ThreadStatic] 
    private static DateTime? _injectedDateTime; 

    private DateTimeProvider() 
    { 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Gets DateTime now. 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <value> 
    /// The DateTime now. 
    /// </value> 
    public static DateTime Now 
    { 
        get 
        { 
            return _injectedDateTime ?? DateTime.Now; 
        } 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Injects the actual date time. 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="actualDateTime">The actual date time.</param> 
    public static IDisposable InjectActualDateTime(DateTime actualDateTime) 
    { 
        _injectedDateTime = actualDateTime; 

        return new DateTimeProvider(); 
    } 

    public void Dispose() 
    { 
        _injectedDateTime = null; 
    } 
} 

接下来,您可以为单元测试注入假DateTime

    using (var date = DateTimeProvider.InjectActualDateTime(expectedDateTime)) 
    { 
        var bankAccount = new BankAccount(); 

        bankAccount.DepositMoney(600); 

        var lastTransaction = bankAccount.Transactions.Last(); 

        Assert.IsTrue(expectedDateTime.Equals(bankAccount.Transactions[0].TransactionDate)); 
    } 

参见示例DateTimeProvider示例

关于@crabcrusherclamcollector的回答,在EF查询中使用这种方法时存在问题。NotSupportedException: LINQ to Entities不支持LINQ表达式节点类型“Invoke”。我将实现修改为:

public static class SystemTime
    {
        private static Func<DateTime> UtcNowFunc = () => DateTime.UtcNow;

        public static void SetDateTime(DateTime dateTimeNow)
        {
            UtcNowFunc = () => dateTimeNow;
        }

        public static void ResetDateTime()
        {
            UtcNowFunc = () => DateTime.UtcNow;
        }

        public static DateTime UtcNow
        {
            get
            {
                DateTime now = UtcNowFunc.Invoke();
                return now;
            }
        }
    }

下面的代码为我工作:

  bizDeedMock.Verify(p => p.SetDeed(It.Is<DsPostList>(x => x.PostLists[0].registerDate.Year == DateTime.Now.Year)));
            bizDeedMock.Verify(p => p.SetDeed(It.Is<DsPostList>(x => x.PostLists[0].registerDate.Month == DateTime.Now.Month)));
            bizDeedMock.Verify(p => p.SetDeed(It.Is<DsPostList>(x => x.PostLists[0].registerDate.Day == DateTime.Now.Day)));

我也遇到过同样的问题,但我发现微软的一个研究项目解决了这个问题。

http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/moles/

mole是一个基于委托的。net测试存根和弯路的轻量级框架。mole可以用来绕过任何.NET方法,包括密封类型中的非虚拟/静态方法

// Let's detour DateTime.Now
MDateTime.NowGet = () => new DateTime(2000,1, 1);

if (DateTime.Now == new DateTime(2000, 1, 1);
{
    throw new Exception("Wahoo we did it!");
}

示例代码是在原始代码的基础上修改的。

我已经按照其他人的建议做了,并将DateTime抽象为一个提供程序。这感觉不对,我觉得光是测试就做不下去了。今晚我将把这个应用到我的个人项目中。

也许不太专业,但更简单的解决方案可以在消费者方法中创建一个DateTime参数。例如,不使用像SampleMethod这样的make方法,而是使用带参数的make SampleMethod1。SampleMethod1的测试更简单

public void SampleMethod()
    {
        DateTime anotherDateTime = DateTime.Today.AddDays(-10);
        if ((DateTime.Now-anotherDateTime).TotalDays>10)
        {

        }
    }
    public void SampleMethod1(DateTime dateTimeNow)
    {
        DateTime anotherDateTime = DateTime.Today.AddDays(-10);
        if ((dateTimeNow - anotherDateTime).TotalDays > 10)
        {

        }

    }