只需将其分配给.columns属性：

>>> df = pd.DataFrame({'$a':[1,2], '$b': [10,20]})
>>> df
   $a  $b
0   1  10
1   2  20

>>> df.columns = ['a', 'b']
>>> df
   a   b
0  1  10
1  2  20

df.rename(index=str, columns={'A':'a', 'B':'b'})

pandas.DataFrame.rename

这里有一个我喜欢用来减少打字的漂亮小函数：

def rename(data, oldnames, newname):
    if type(oldnames) == str: # Input can be a string or list of strings
        oldnames = [oldnames] # When renaming multiple columns
        newname = [newname] # Make sure you pass the corresponding list of new names
    i = 0
    for name in oldnames:
        oldvar = [c for c in data.columns if name in c]
        if len(oldvar) == 0:
            raise ValueError("Sorry, couldn't find that column in the dataset")
        if len(oldvar) > 1: # Doesn't have to be an exact match
            print("Found multiple columns that matched " + str(name) + ": ")
            for c in oldvar:
                print(str(oldvar.index(c)) + ": " + str(c))
            ind = input('Please enter the index of the column you would like to rename: ')
            oldvar = oldvar[int(ind)]
        if len(oldvar) == 1:
            oldvar = oldvar[0]
        data = data.rename(columns = {oldvar : newname[i]})
        i += 1
    return data

下面是一个如何工作的示例：

In [2]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 10, size=(10, 4)), columns = ['col1', 'col2', 'omg', 'idk'])
# First list = existing variables
# Second list = new names for those variables
In [3]: df = rename(df, ['col', 'omg'],['first', 'ohmy'])
Found multiple columns that matched col:
0: col1
1: col2

Please enter the index of the column you would like to rename: 0

In [4]: df.columns
Out[5]: Index(['first', 'col2', 'ohmy', 'idk'], dtype='object')

Use:

old_names = ['$a', '$b', '$c', '$d', '$e'] 
new_names = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
df.rename(columns=dict(zip(old_names, new_names)), inplace=True)

这样，您可以根据需要手动编辑new_names。当您只需要重命名几个列来纠正拼写错误、重音、删除特殊字符等时，它非常有用。

# This way it will work
import pandas as pd

# Define a dictionary 
rankings = {'test': ['a'],
        'odi': ['E'],
        't20': ['P']}

# Convert the dictionary into DataFrame
rankings_pd = pd.DataFrame(rankings)

# Before renaming the columns
print(rankings_pd)

rankings_pd.rename(columns = {'test':'TEST'}, inplace = True)

让我们通过一个小例子来理解重命名。。。

使用映射重命名列：df=pd.DataFrame（｛“A”：[1，2，3]，“B”：[4，5，6]｝）#创建列名为A和B的dfdf.reame（｛“A”：“new_A”，“B”：“new_B”｝，axis='columns'，inplace=True）#用'new_A'重命名列A，用'new_B'重命名列B输出：新a新b0 1 41 2 52 3 6使用映射重命名索引/Row_Name：df.reame（｛0:“x”，1:“y”，2:“z”｝，axis='index'，inplace=True）#行名称被'x'、'y'和'z'替换。输出：新a新bx 142015年z 3 6