math.isclose()已为此添加到Python 3.5(源代码)。这里是它到Python 2的一个端口。它与Mark Ransom的单行程序的不同之处在于它可以正确地处理“inf”和“-inf”。

def isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-09, abs_tol=0.0):
    '''
    Python 2 implementation of Python 3.5 math.isclose()
    https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.5.10/Modules/mathmodule.c#L1993
    '''
    # sanity check on the inputs
    if rel_tol < 0 or abs_tol < 0:
        raise ValueError("tolerances must be non-negative")

    # short circuit exact equality -- needed to catch two infinities of
    # the same sign. And perhaps speeds things up a bit sometimes.
    if a == b:
        return True

    # This catches the case of two infinities of opposite sign, or
    # one infinity and one finite number. Two infinities of opposite
    # sign would otherwise have an infinite relative tolerance.
    # Two infinities of the same sign are caught by the equality check
    # above.
    if math.isinf(a) or math.isinf(b):
        return False

    # now do the regular computation
    # this is essentially the "weak" test from the Boost library
    diff = math.fabs(b - a)
    result = (((diff <= math.fabs(rel_tol * b)) or
               (diff <= math.fabs(rel_tol * a))) or
              (diff <= abs_tol))
    return result

这对于你想要确保两个数字是相同的“达到精度”的情况很有用，并且不需要指定公差:

求这两个数的最小精度 将两者舍入到最小精度并进行比较

def isclose(a, b):
    astr = str(a)
    aprec = len(astr.split('.')[1]) if '.' in astr else 0
    bstr = str(b)
    bprec = len(bstr.split('.')[1]) if '.' in bstr else 0
    prec = min(aprec, bprec)
    return round(a, prec) == round(b, prec)

如上所述，它只适用于字符串表示中没有'e'的数字(意思是0.999999999999995e -4 < number <= 0.99999999999999995e11)

例子:

>>> isclose(10.0, 10.049)
True
>>> isclose(10.0, 10.05)
False

I'm not aware of anything in the Python standard library (or elsewhere) that implements Dawson's AlmostEqual2sComplement function. If that's the sort of behaviour you want, you'll have to implement it yourself. (In which case, rather than using Dawson's clever bitwise hacks you'd probably do better to use more conventional tests of the form if abs(a-b) <= eps1*(abs(a)+abs(b)) + eps2 or similar. To get Dawson-like behaviour you might say something like if abs(a-b) <= eps*max(EPS,abs(a),abs(b)) for some small fixed EPS; this isn't exactly the same as Dawson, but it's similar in spirit.

不带atol/rtol与给定小数进行比较:

def almost_equal(a, b, decimal=6):
    return '{0:.{1}f}'.format(a, decimal) == '{0:.{1}f}'.format(b, decimal)

print(almost_equal(0.0, 0.0001, decimal=5)) # False
print(almost_equal(0.0, 0.0001, decimal=4)) # True 

使用==是一个简单的好方法，如果你不关心公差精确。

# Python 3.8.5
>>> 1.0000000000001 == 1
False
>>> 1.00000000000001 == 1
True

但是要注意0:

>>> 0 == 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
False

0始终是0。

使用数学。如果你想控制公差，是接近的。

默认值a == b等价于数学。Isclose (a, b, rel_tol=1e-16, abs_tol=0)。

如果你仍然想使用==带有自定义容差:

>>> class MyFloat(float):
        def __eq__(self, another):
        return math.isclose(self, another, rel_tol=0, abs_tol=0.001)

>>> a == MyFloat(0)
>>> a
0.0
>>> a == 0.001
True

到目前为止，我没有找到任何地方配置它全局浮动。此外，mock也不能用于float.__eq__。

我发现下面的比较很有帮助:

str(f1) == str(f2)