例外应该是例外。如果返回null是有效的，则返回null。

与您正在使用的API保持一致。

抛出异常的好处:

Cleaner control flow in your calling code. Checking for null injects a conditional branch which is natively handled by try/catch. Checking for null doesn't indicate what it is you're checking for - are you checking for null because you're looking for an error you're expecting, or are you checking for null so you don't pass it further on downchain? Removes ambiguity of what "null" means. Is null representative of an error or is null what is actually stored in the value? Hard to say when you only have one thing to base that determination off of. Improved consistency between method behavior in an application. Exceptions are typically exposed in method signatures, so you're more able to understand what edge cases the methods in an application account for, and what information your application can react to in a predictable manner.

有关更多示例的解释，请参见:http://metatations.com/2011/11/17/returning-null-vs-throwing-an-exception/

“其他”选项可以是让find方法接受一个带有默认对象的附加参数，如果无法找到所寻找的对象，将返回该默认对象。

否则，我只返回null，除非它确实是一个例外的情况，当对象没有找到。

这取决于你的语言和代码是否支持: 三思而后行 或 EAFP(请求原谅比请求允许容易)

LBYL说你应该检查值(所以返回null) EAFP表示只需尝试操作并查看它是否失败(抛出异常)

虽然我同意以上的观点。异常应该用于异常/错误条件，在使用检查时最好返回null。

Python中的EAFP vs. LBYL: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2003-May/205182.html (Web存档)

返回null，异常就是:你的代码所做的不是预期的事情。