使用cblas，作为OS X加速框架的一部分。

[02:31:59] [william@relativity ~]$ cat div3.c
#import <stdio.h>
#import <Accelerate/Accelerate.h>

int main() {
    float multiplicand = 123456.0;
    float multiplier = 0.333333;
    printf("%f * %f == ", multiplicand, multiplier);
    cblas_sscal(1, multiplier, &multiplicand, 1);
    printf("%f\n", multiplicand);
}

[02:32:07] [william@relativity ~]$ clang div3.c -framework Accelerate -o div3 && ./div3
123456.000000 * 0.333333 == 41151.957031

使用itoa转换为以3为基数的字符串。去掉最后一个小调，转换回10进制。

// Note: itoa is non-standard but actual implementations
// don't seem to handle negative when base != 10.
int div3(int i) {
    char str[42];
    sprintf(str, "%d", INT_MIN); // Put minus sign at str[0]
    if (i>0)                     // Remove sign if positive
        str[0] = ' ';
    itoa(abs(i), &str[1], 3);    // Put ternary absolute value starting at str[1]
    str[strlen(&str[1])] = '\0'; // Drop last digit
    return strtol(str, NULL, 3); // Read back result
}

我认为正确的答案是:

为什么不用基本运算符来做基本运算呢?

这是一个执行所需操作的简单函数。但是它需要+操作符，所以你所要做的就是用位操作符来加值:

// replaces the + operator
int add(int x, int y)
{
    while (x) {
        int t = (x & y) << 1;
        y ^= x;
        x = t;
    }
    return y;
}

int divideby3(int num)
{
    int sum = 0;
    while (num > 3) {
        sum = add(num >> 2, sum);
        num = add(num >> 2, num & 3);
    }
    if (num == 3)
        sum = add(sum, 1);
    return sum; 
}

正如吉姆评论的那样，这是可行的，因为:

N = 4 * a + b N / 3 = a + (a + b) / 3 sum += an = a + b，然后迭代 当a == 0 (n < 4)时，sum += floor(n / 3);即1，如果n == 3，否则为0

很好bc:

$ num=1337; printf "scale=5;${num}\x2F3;\n" | bc
445.66666

这应该适用于任何除数，而不仅仅是3。目前仅适用于unsigned，但将其扩展到signed应该没有那么困难。

#include <stdio.h>

unsigned sub(unsigned two, unsigned one);
unsigned bitdiv(unsigned top, unsigned bot);
unsigned sub(unsigned two, unsigned one)
{
unsigned bor;
bor = one;
do      {
        one = ~two & bor;
        two ^= bor;
        bor = one<<1;
        } while (one);
return two;
}

unsigned bitdiv(unsigned top, unsigned bot)
{
unsigned result, shift;

if (!bot || top < bot) return 0;

for(shift=1;top >= (bot<<=1); shift++) {;}
bot >>= 1;

for (result=0; shift--; bot >>= 1 ) {
        result <<=1;
        if (top >= bot) {
                top = sub(top,bot);
                result |= 1;
                }
        }
return result;
}

int main(void)
{
unsigned arg,val;

for (arg=2; arg < 40; arg++) {
        val = bitdiv(arg,3);
        printf("Arg=%u Val=%u\n", arg, val);
        }
return 0;
}