map和flatMap都可以应用于一个<T>的流，它们都返回一个<R>的流。不同之处在于map操作为每个输入值生成一个输出值，而flatMap操作为每个输入值生成任意数量(零个或多个)值。

这反映在每个操作的参数中。

map操作接受一个函数，该函数针对输入流中的每个值被调用，并产生一个结果值，该结果值被发送到输出流。

The flatMap operation takes a function that conceptually wants to consume one value and produce an arbitrary number of values. However, in Java, it's cumbersome for a method to return an arbitrary number of values, since methods can return only zero or one value. One could imagine an API where the mapper function for flatMap takes a value and returns an array or a List of values, which are then sent to the output. Given that this is the streams library, a particularly apt way to represent an arbitrary number of return values is for the mapper function itself to return a stream! The values from the stream returned by the mapper are drained from the stream and are passed to the output stream. The "clumps" of values returned by each call to the mapper function are not distinguished at all in the output stream, thus the output is said to have been "flattened."

典型的用法是flatMap的mapper函数返回Stream.empty()，如果它想发送零值，或者类似于Stream。(a, b, c)如果它想返回几个值。当然，任何流都可以返回。

流。flatMap，顾名思义，是映射和平面操作的组合。这意味着您首先将一个函数应用到元素上，然后将其压平。流。Map仅将函数应用于流，而不会将流平展。

为了理解流的扁平化是由什么组成的，考虑一个像[[1,2,3]，[4,5,6]，[7,8,9]]这样的结构，它有“两个层次”。扁平化意味着将其转换为“一级”结构:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]。

传递给流的函数。Map必须返回一个对象。这意味着输入流中的每个对象都会导致输出流中的一个对象。

传递给流的函数。flatMap为每个对象返回一个流。这意味着该函数可以为每个输入对象返回任意数量的对象(包括none)。然后将结果流连接到一个输出流。

通过阅读所有的信息，简单的理解方法是:

如果你有一个元素的平面列表，请使用map: [0,1,2,3,4,5] 如果你有一个元素的列表，请使用flatMap:[[1,3,5]，[2,4,6]]。这意味着，在映射操作应用于每个元素之前，您的列表需要被平铺

map和flatMap都可以应用于一个<T>的流，它们都返回一个<R>的流。不同之处在于map操作为每个输入值生成一个输出值，而flatMap操作为每个输入值生成任意数量(零个或多个)值。

这反映在每个操作的参数中。

map操作接受一个函数，该函数针对输入流中的每个值被调用，并产生一个结果值，该结果值被发送到输出流。

The flatMap operation takes a function that conceptually wants to consume one value and produce an arbitrary number of values. However, in Java, it's cumbersome for a method to return an arbitrary number of values, since methods can return only zero or one value. One could imagine an API where the mapper function for flatMap takes a value and returns an array or a List of values, which are then sent to the output. Given that this is the streams library, a particularly apt way to represent an arbitrary number of return values is for the mapper function itself to return a stream! The values from the stream returned by the mapper are drained from the stream and are passed to the output stream. The "clumps" of values returned by each call to the mapper function are not distinguished at all in the output stream, thus the output is said to have been "flattened."

典型的用法是flatMap的mapper函数返回Stream.empty()，如果它想发送零值，或者类似于Stream。(a, b, c)如果它想返回几个值。当然，任何流都可以返回。

map() takes a Stream and transform it to another Stream. It applies a function on each element of Stream and store return value into new Stream. It does not flatten the stream. But flatMap() is the combination of a map and a flat operation i.e, it applies a function to elements as well as flatten them. 2) map() is used for transformation only, but flatMap() is used for both transformation and flattening. please read more here. https://javaint4bytes.blogspot.com/2022/11/stream-flatmap-in-java-with-examples.html