我补充了这一点，因为我在其他任何答案中都没有看到它，它可能对正在与类似问题作斗争的人有用。globals（）函数返回一个可变的全局符号字典，您可以在其中“神奇地”使数据可用于代码的其余部分。例如：

from pickle import load
def loaditem(name):
    with open(r"C:\pickle\file\location"+"\{}.dat".format(name), "rb") as openfile:
        globals()[name] = load(openfile)
    return True

and

from pickle import dump
def dumpfile(name):
    with open(name+".dat", "wb") as outfile:
        dump(globals()[name], outfile)
    return True

将只允许您将变量转储/加载到全局命名空间中。超级方便，没有麻烦，没有麻烦。很确定它只是Python 3。

您需要在每个要使用的函数中引用全局变量。

如下：

var = "test"

def printGlobalText():
    global var #wWe are telling to explicitly use the global version
    var = "global from printGlobalText fun."
    print "var from printGlobalText: " + var

def printLocalText():
    #We are NOT telling to explicitly use the global version, so we are creating a local variable
    var = "local version from printLocalText fun"
    print "var from printLocalText: " + var

printGlobalText()
printLocalText()
"""
Output Result:
var from printGlobalText: global from printGlobalText fun.
var from printLocalText: local version from printLocalText
[Finished in 0.1s]
"""

写入全局数组的显式元素显然不需要全局声明，尽管“批发”写入它确实有这样的要求：

import numpy as np

hostValue = 3.14159
hostArray = np.array([2., 3.])
hostMatrix = np.array([[1.0, 0.0],[ 0.0, 1.0]])

def func1():
    global hostValue    # mandatory, else local.
    hostValue = 2.0

def func2():
    global hostValue    # mandatory, else UnboundLocalError.
    hostValue += 1.0

def func3():
    global hostArray    # mandatory, else local.
    hostArray = np.array([14., 15.])

def func4():            # no need for globals
    hostArray[0] = 123.4

def func5():            # no need for globals
    hostArray[1] += 1.0

def func6():            # no need for globals
    hostMatrix[1][1] = 12.

def func7():            # no need for globals
    hostMatrix[0][0] += 0.33

func1()
print "After func1(), hostValue = ", hostValue
func2()
print "After func2(), hostValue = ", hostValue
func3()
print "After func3(), hostArray = ", hostArray
func4()
print "After func4(), hostArray = ", hostArray
func5()
print "After func5(), hostArray = ", hostArray
func6()
print "After func6(), hostMatrix = \n", hostMatrix
func7()
print "After func7(), hostMatrix = \n", hostMatrix

类似此代码：

myVar = 12

def myFunc():
  myVar += 12

Key:

如果在字符串外部声明变量，它将变为全局变量。

如果在字符串中声明变量，它将变为本地变量。

如果要在字符串中声明全局变量，请在要声明的变量之前使用关键字global：

myVar = 124
def myFunc():
  global myVar2
  myVar2 = 100
myFunc()
print(myVar2)

然后文档中有100个。

有两种方法可以将变量声明为全局变量：

1.在函数内部分配变量并使用全局线

def declare_a_global_variable():
    global global_variable_1
    global_variable_1 = 1

# Note to use the function to global variables
declare_a_global_variable() 

2.分配变量外部函数：

global_variable_2 = 2

现在我们可以在其他函数中使用这些声明的全局变量：

def declare_a_global_variable():
    global global_variable_1
    global_variable_1 = 1

# Note to use the function to global variables
declare_a_global_variable() 
global_variable_2 = 2

def print_variables():
    print(global_variable_1)
    print(global_variable_2)
print_variables() # prints 1 & 2

注1：

如果要更改另一个函数（如update_variables（））中的全局变量，则应在分配变量之前在该函数中使用全局行：

global_variable_1 = 1
global_variable_2 = 2

def update_variables():
    global global_variable_1
    global_variable_1 = 11
    global_variable_2 = 12 # will update just locally for this function

update_variables()
print(global_variable_1) # prints 11
print(global_variable_2) # prints 2

注2：

在函数内部不使用全局行时，列表和字典变量的注释1有一个例外：

# declaring some global variables
variable = 'peter'
list_variable_1 = ['a','b']
list_variable_2 = ['c','d']

def update_global_variables():
    """without using global line"""
    variable = 'PETER' # won't update in global scope
    list_variable_1 = ['A','B'] # won't update in global scope
    list_variable_2[0] = 'C' # updated in global scope surprisingly this way
    list_variable_2[1] = 'D' # updated in global scope surprisingly this way

update_global_variables()

print('variable is: %s'%variable) # prints peter
print('list_variable_1 is: %s'%list_variable_1) # prints ['a', 'b']
print('list_variable_2 is: %s'%list_variable_2) # prints ['C', 'D']

您可以在其他函数中使用全局变量，方法是在为其赋值的每个函数中将其声明为全局变量：

globvar = 0

def set_globvar_to_one():
    global globvar    # Needed to modify global copy of globvar
    globvar = 1

def print_globvar():
    print(globvar)     # No need for global declaration to read value of globvar

set_globvar_to_one()
print_globvar()       # Prints 1

由于不清楚globvar=1是创建本地变量还是更改全局变量，Python默认创建本地变量，并使用全局关键字显式选择其他行为。

如果要在模块间共享全局变量，请参阅其他答案。