关键问题是字符串中的字形需要32位（字符代码为16位），但字节只有8位可用。一对一映射不存在，除非您将自己限制为仅包含ASCII字符的字符串。System.Text.Encoding有很多方法可以将字符串映射到byte[]，您需要选择一种方法来避免信息丢失，并且当您的客户端需要将byte[]映射回字符串时，它很容易使用。

Utf8是一种流行的编码方式，它紧凑而无损耗。

可以使用以下代码在字符串和字节数组之间进行转换。

string s = "Hello World";

// String to Byte[]

byte[] byte1 = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(s);

// OR

byte[] byte2 = System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.Default.GetBytes(s);

// Byte[] to string

string str = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(byte1);

bytes[] buffer = UnicodeEncoding.UTF8.GetBytes(string something); //for converting to UTF then get its bytes

bytes[] buffer = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(string something); //for converting to ascii then get its bytes

公认的答案非常非常复杂。为此，请使用包含的.NET类：

const string data = "A string with international characters: Norwegian: ÆØÅæøå, Chinese: 喂 谢谢";
var bytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
var decoded = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);

如果你不需要。。。

BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
byte[] bytes;
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();

string orig = "喂 Hello 谢谢 Thank You";
bf.Serialize(ms, orig);
ms.Seek(0, 0);
bytes = ms.ToArray();

MessageBox.Show("Original bytes Length: " + bytes.Length.ToString());

MessageBox.Show("Original string Length: " + orig.Length.ToString());

for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; ++i) bytes[i] ^= 168; // pseudo encrypt
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; ++i) bytes[i] ^= 168; // pseudo decrypt

BinaryFormatter bfx = new BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream msx = new MemoryStream();            
msx.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
msx.Seek(0, 0);
string sx = (string)bfx.Deserialize(msx);

MessageBox.Show("Still intact :" + sx);

MessageBox.Show("Deserialize string Length(still intact): " 
    + sx.Length.ToString());

BinaryFormatter bfy = new BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream msy = new MemoryStream();
bfy.Serialize(msy, sx);
msy.Seek(0, 0);
byte[] bytesy = msy.ToArray();

MessageBox.Show("Deserialize bytes Length(still intact): " 
   + bytesy.Length.ToString());

C#将字符串转换为字节数组：

public static byte[] StrToByteArray(string str)
{
   System.Text.UTF8Encoding  encoding=new System.Text.UTF8Encoding();
   return encoding.GetBytes(str);
}