静态const和#define之间的区别在于前者使用内存，而后者不使用内存进行存储。其次，您不能传递#define对象的地址，而可以传递静态const对象的地址。实际上，这取决于我们所处的环境，我们需要在这两者中选择一个。两者在不同的情况下都处于最佳状态。请不要认为一个比另一个好。: -)

如果是这样的话，丹尼斯·里奇会把最好的留下来……哈哈哈……: -)

使用const而不是#define总是更好。这是因为const是由编译器处理的，而#define是由预处理器处理的。这就像#define本身不是代码的一部分(粗略地说)。

例子:

#define PI 3.1416

符号名称PI可能永远不会被编译器看到;它可能在源代码到达编译器之前被预处理器删除。因此，名称PI可能无法进入符号表。如果在编译过程中遇到涉及使用常量的错误，这可能会令人困惑，因为错误消息可能指向3.1416，而不是PI。如果圆周率定义在一个你没有写的头文件中，你就不知道3.1416是从哪里来的。

这个问题也可能在符号调试器中突然出现，因为您正在编程的名称可能不在符号表中。

解决方案:

const double PI = 3.1416; //or static const...

在c#中定义更为流行。你可以使用这些值来声明数组大小，例如:

#define MAXLEN 5

void foo(void) {
   int bar[MAXLEN];
}

据我所知，ANSI C不允许你在这种情况下使用静态常量。在c++中，在这些情况下应该避免使用宏。你可以写

const int maxlen = 5;

void foo() {
   int bar[maxlen];
}

甚至不用static，因为内部链接已经由const隐含[仅在c++中]。

C中const的另一个缺点是不能在初始化另一个const时使用该值。

static int const NUMBER_OF_FINGERS_PER_HAND = 5;
static int const NUMBER_OF_HANDS = 2;

// initializer element is not constant, this does not work.
static int const NUMBER_OF_FINGERS = NUMBER_OF_FINGERS_PER_HAND 
                                     * NUMBER_OF_HANDS;

即使这对const也不起作用，因为编译器不会将其视为常量:

static uint8_t const ARRAY_SIZE = 16;
static int8_t const lookup_table[ARRAY_SIZE] = {
    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16}; // ARRAY_SIZE not a constant!

我很乐意在这些情况下使用类型化的const，否则…

这取决于你需要这个值做什么。你(和目前所有人一样)忽略了第三种选择:

Static const int var = 5; #定义var 5 枚举{var = 5};

忽略名字的选择问题，那么:

If you need to pass a pointer around, you must use (1). Since (2) is apparently an option, you don't need to pass pointers around. Both (1) and (3) have a symbol in the debugger's symbol table - that makes debugging easier. It is more likely that (2) will not have a symbol, leaving you wondering what it is. (1) cannot be used as a dimension for arrays at global scope; both (2) and (3) can. (1) cannot be used as a dimension for static arrays at function scope; both (2) and (3) can. Under C99, all of these can be used for local arrays. Technically, using (1) would imply the use of a VLA (variable-length array), though the dimension referenced by 'var' would of course be fixed at size 5. (1) cannot be used in places like switch statements; both (2) and (3) can. (1) cannot be used to initialize static variables; both (2) and (3) can. (2) can change code that you didn't want changed because it is used by the preprocessor; both (1) and (3) will not have unexpected side-effects like that. You can detect whether (2) has been set in the preprocessor; neither (1) nor (3) allows that.

因此，在大多数情况下，优先选择“enum”而不是其他选项。否则，第一个和最后一个要点很可能是控制因素——如果你需要同时满足这两个点，你必须更努力地思考。

如果你问的是c++，那么你每次都应该使用option (1) - static const。

虽然这个问题是关于整数的，但值得注意的是，如果需要常量结构或字符串，#define和enum是无用的。它们通常都作为指针传递给函数。(对于字符串，它是必需的;有了结构，效率就高多了。)

As for integers, if you're in an embedded environment with very limited memory, you might need to worry about where the constant is stored and how accesses to it are compiled. The compiler might add two consts at run time, but add two #defines at compile time. A #define constant may be converted into one or more MOV [immediate] instructions, which means the constant is effectively stored in program memory. A const constant will be stored in the .const section in data memory. In systems with a Harvard architecture, there could be differences in performance and memory usage, although they'd likely be small. They might matter for hard-core optimization of inner loops.