Kyle Delaney的评论是正确的，所以我尝试使用https://stackoverflow.com/a/15538391/1497139以及https://stackoverflow.com/a/10254820/1497139的改进版本

创建一个“JSONAble”mixin。

因此，要使一个类JSON可序列化使用“JSONAble”作为超类，并调用:

 instance.toJSON()

or

 instance.asJSON()

对于这两种方法。您还可以使用本文提供的其他方法扩展JSONAble类。

家庭和个人单元测试样本的测试示例结果如下:

toJSOn ():

{
    "members": {
        "Flintstone,Fred": {
            "firstName": "Fred",
            "lastName": "Flintstone"
        },
        "Flintstone,Wilma": {
            "firstName": "Wilma",
            "lastName": "Flintstone"
        }
    },
    "name": "The Flintstones"
}

asJSOn ():

{'name': 'The Flintstones', 'members': {'Flintstone,Fred': {'firstName': 'Fred', 'lastName': 'Flintstone'}, 'Flintstone,Wilma': {'firstName': 'Wilma', 'lastName': 'Flintstone'}}}

使用家庭和个人样本进行单元测试

def testJsonAble(self):
        family=Family("The Flintstones")
        family.add(Person("Fred","Flintstone")) 
        family.add(Person("Wilma","Flintstone"))
        json1=family.toJSON()
        json2=family.asJSON()
        print(json1)
        print(json2)

class Family(JSONAble):
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
        self.members={}
    
    def add(self,person):
        self.members[person.lastName+","+person.firstName]=person

class Person(JSONAble):
    def __init__(self,firstName,lastName):
        self.firstName=firstName;
        self.lastName=lastName;

JSONAble .py定义JSONAble mixin

 '''
Created on 2020-09-03

@author: wf
'''
import json

class JSONAble(object):
    '''
    mixin to allow classes to be JSON serializable see
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3768895/how-to-make-a-class-json-serializable
    '''

    def __init__(self):
        '''
        Constructor
        '''
    
    def toJSON(self):
        return json.dumps(self, default=lambda o: o.__dict__, 
            sort_keys=True, indent=4)
        
    def getValue(self,v):
        if (hasattr(v, "asJSON")):
            return v.asJSON()
        elif type(v) is dict:
            return self.reprDict(v)
        elif type(v) is list:
            vlist=[]
            for vitem in v:
                vlist.append(self.getValue(vitem))
            return vlist
        else:   
            return v
    
    def reprDict(self,srcDict):
        '''
        get my dict elements
        '''
        d = dict()
        for a, v in srcDict.items():
            d[a]=self.getValue(v)
        return d
    
    def asJSON(self):
        '''
        recursively return my dict elements
        '''
        return self.reprDict(self.__dict__)   

您将发现这些方法现在集成在https://github.com/WolfgangFahl/pyLoDStorage项目中，该项目可在https://pypi.org/project/pylodstorage/上获得

TLDR:复制-粘贴下面的选项1或选项2

真正的/完整的答案:让Pythons json模块与你的类一起工作

AKA，求解:json。dump ({"thing": YOUR_CLASS()})

解释:

Yes, a good reliable solution exists No, there is no python "official" solution By official solution, I mean there is no way (as of 2023) to add a method to your class (like toJSON in JavaScript) and/or no way to register your class with the built-in json module. When something like json.dumps([1,2, your_obj]) is executed, python doesn't check a lookup table or object method. I'm not sure why other answers don't explain this The closest official approach is probably andyhasit's answer which is to inherit from a dictionary. However, inheriting from a dictionary doesn't work very well for many custom classes like AdvancedDateTime, or pytorch tensors. The ideal workaround is this: Mutate json.dumps (affects everywhere, even pip modules that import json) Add def __json__(self) method to your class

选项1:让一个模块来做补丁

PIP安装json-fix (扩展+包装版FancyJohn的回答，谢谢@FancyJohn)

your_class_definition.py

import json_fix

class YOUR_CLASS:
    def __json__(self):
        # YOUR CUSTOM CODE HERE
        #    you probably just want to do:
        #        return self.__dict__
        return "a built-in object that is naturally json-able"

这是它。

使用示例:

from your_class_definition import YOUR_CLASS
import json

json.dumps([1,2, YOUR_CLASS()], indent=0)
# '[\n1,\n2,\n"a built-in object that is naturally json-able"\n]'

生成json。dump适用于Numpy数组，Pandas DataFrames和其他第三方对象，请参阅模块(只有大约2行代码，但需要解释)。

它是如何工作的?嗯…

选项2:补丁json。把你自己

注意:这种方法是简化的，它在已知的edgcase上失败(例如:如果你的自定义类继承了dict或其他内置类)，并且它错过了控制外部类的json行为(numpy数组，datetime, dataframes，张量等)。

some_file_thats_imported_before_your_class_definitions.py

# Step: 1
# create the patch
from json import JSONEncoder
def wrapped_default(self, obj):
    return getattr(obj.__class__, "__json__", wrapped_default.default)(obj)
wrapped_default.default = JSONEncoder().default
   
# apply the patch
JSONEncoder.original_default = JSONEncoder.default
JSONEncoder.default = wrapped_default

your_class_definition.py

# Step 2
class YOUR_CLASS:
    def __json__(self, **options):
        # YOUR CUSTOM CODE HERE
        #    you probably just want to do:
        #        return self.__dict__
        return "a built-in object that is natually json-able"

_

其他答案似乎都是“序列化自定义对象的最佳实践/方法”

在这里的文档中已经介绍过了(搜索“complex”可以找到编码复数的例子)

大多数答案都涉及更改对json.dumps()的调用，这并不总是可能的或可取的(例如，它可能发生在框架组件内部)。

如果你希望能够按原样调用json.dumps(obj)，那么一个简单的解决方案是从dict继承:

class FileItem(dict):
    def __init__(self, fname):
        dict.__init__(self, fname=fname)

f = FileItem('tasks.txt')
json.dumps(f)  #No need to change anything here

如果你的类只是基本的数据表示，这是可行的，对于更棘手的事情，你总是可以显式地设置键。

正如在许多其他答案中提到的，您可以将函数传递给json。转储将不是默认支持的类型之一的对象转换为受支持的类型。令人惊讶的是，他们都没有提到最简单的情况，即使用内置函数vars将对象转换为包含其所有属性的dict:

json.dumps(obj, default=vars)

注意，这只涵盖了基本的情况，如果你需要对某些类型进行更具体的序列化(例如排除某些属性或没有__dict__属性的对象)，你需要使用自定义函数或JSONEncoder，如其他答案中所述。

前几天我遇到了这个问题，并为Python对象实现了一个更通用的Encoder版本，可以处理嵌套对象和继承字段:

import json
import inspect

class ObjectEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, obj):
        if hasattr(obj, "to_json"):
            return self.default(obj.to_json())
        elif hasattr(obj, "__dict__"):
            d = dict(
                (key, value)
                for key, value in inspect.getmembers(obj)
                if not key.startswith("__")
                and not inspect.isabstract(value)
                and not inspect.isbuiltin(value)
                and not inspect.isfunction(value)
                and not inspect.isgenerator(value)
                and not inspect.isgeneratorfunction(value)
                and not inspect.ismethod(value)
                and not inspect.ismethoddescriptor(value)
                and not inspect.isroutine(value)
            )
            return self.default(d)
        return obj

例子:

class C(object):
    c = "NO"
    def to_json(self):
        return {"c": "YES"}

class B(object):
    b = "B"
    i = "I"
    def __init__(self, y):
        self.y = y
        
    def f(self):
        print "f"

class A(B):
    a = "A"
    def __init__(self):
        self.b = [{"ab": B("y")}]
        self.c = C()

print json.dumps(A(), cls=ObjectEncoder, indent=2, sort_keys=True)

结果:

{
  "a": "A", 
  "b": [
    {
      "ab": {
        "b": "B", 
        "i": "I", 
        "y": "y"
      }
    }
  ], 
  "c": {
    "c": "YES"
  }, 
  "i": "I"
}

下面是一个简单功能的简单解决方案:

.toJSON()方法

实现一个序列化器方法，而不是一个JSON可序列化类:

import json

class Object:
    def toJSON(self):
        return json.dumps(self, default=lambda o: o.__dict__, 
            sort_keys=True, indent=4)

所以你只需调用它来序列化:

me = Object()
me.name = "Onur"
me.age = 35
me.dog = Object()
me.dog.name = "Apollo"

print(me.toJSON())

将输出:

{
    "age": 35,
    "dog": {
        "name": "Apollo"
    },
    "name": "Onur"
}