我听说在编写SQL命令时使用SELECT *通常是不好的做法,因为选择您特别需要的列会更有效。

如果我需要选择表中的每一列,我应该使用

SELECT * FROM TABLE

or

SELECT column1, colum2, column3, etc. FROM TABLE

在这种情况下,效率真的重要吗?如果你真的需要所有的数据,我认为SELECT *在内部会更优,但我这么说并没有真正理解数据库。

我很好奇在这种情况下最好的做法是什么。

更新:我可能应该指定,我真正想要执行SELECT *的唯一情况是,当我从一个表中选择数据时,我知道总是需要检索所有列,即使添加了新列。

然而,鉴于我所看到的反应,这似乎仍然是一个坏主意,由于我曾经考虑过的许多技术原因,SELECT *不应该被使用。


当前回答

当且仅当需要获取所有字段的数据时,使用显式字段名并不比使用*更快。

你的客户端软件不应该依赖于返回字段的顺序,所以这也是毫无意义的。

而且有可能(尽管不太可能)需要使用*获取所有字段,因为您还不知道存在哪些字段(考虑非常动态的数据库结构)。

使用显式字段名的另一个缺点是,如果字段名很多而且很长,那么阅读代码和/或查询日志就会更加困难。

所以规则应该是:如果你需要所有的字段,使用*,如果你只需要一个子集,显式命名它们。

其他回答

The SELECT * might be ok if you actually needed all of the columns - but you should still list them all individually. You certainly shouldn't be selecting all rows from a table - even if the app & DB are on the same server or network. Transferring all of the rows will take time, especially as the number of rows grows. You should have at least a where clause filtering the results, and/or page the results to only select the subset of rows that need to be displayed. Several ORM tools exist depending on app language you are using to assist in querying and paging the subset of data you need. For example, in .NET Linq to SQL, Entity Framework, and nHibernate all will help you with this.

如果记录要遍历internet,那么限制返回的列可以大大提高性能。

记住,如果根据定义有一个内部连接,则不需要所有列,因为连接列中的数据是重复的。

It's not like listing columns in SQl server is hard or even time-consuming. You just drag them over from the object browser (you can get all in one go by dragging from the word columns). To put a permanent performance hit on your system (becasue this can reduce the use of indexes and becasue sending unneeded data over the network is costly) and make it more likely that you will have unexpected problems as the database changes (sometimes columns get added that you do not want the user to see for instance) just to save less than a minute of development time is short-sighted and unprofessional.

如果使用*或列,Select同样有效(就速度而言)。

区别在于内存,而不是速度。当您选择几个列时,SQL Server必须分配内存空间为您提供查询,包括您所请求的所有列的所有数据,即使您只使用其中一个列。

在性能方面真正重要的是执行计划,而执行计划又严重依赖于WHERE子句和JOIN、OUTER JOIN等的数量……

对于你的问题,只需使用SELECT *。如果你需要所有的列,那就没有性能差异了。

在某些情况下,SELECT *适用于维护目的,但一般情况下应该避免使用。

These are special cases like views or stored procedures where you want changes in underlying tables to propagate without needing to go and change every view and stored proc which uses the table. Even then, this can cause problems itself, like in the case where you have two views which are joined. One underlying table changes and now the view is ambiguous because both tables have a column with the same name. (Note this can happen any time you don't qualify all your columns with table prefixes). Even with prefixes, if you have a construct like:

选择A., B. -您可能会遇到客户端现在难以选择正确字段的问题。

一般来说,我不使用SELECT *,除非我在做一个有意识的设计决策,并指望相关的风险很低。