我在看Pluralsight关于React的课程，老师说道具不应该被改变。我现在正在读一篇关于道具vs.国家的文章(uberVU/react-guide)，它说
道具和状态更改都会触发呈现更新。
文章后面说:
Props(属性的缩写)是组件的配置，如果可以的话，是它的选项。它们是从上面接收的，是不可变的。
所以道具可以改变，但它们应该是不可变的? 什么时候应该使用道具，什么时候应该使用状态? 如果你有一个React组件需要的数据，它应该通过道具或设置在React组件通过getInitialState?
当前回答
道具——你不能改变它的值。 States—您可以在代码中更改它的值，但当呈现发生时它将是活动的。
其他回答
道具和状态之间的关键区别在于，状态是内部的，由组件本身控制，而道具是外部的，由呈现组件的任何东西控制。
State:具有内部值，这意味着只在该类组件中有效，因此不能将其传递给另一个组件。
道具:另一方面，你可以将道具从父对象传递给子对象或从子对象传递给父对象。
在React中，道具和状态之间有一些关键的区别。道具是不可变的——一旦设置好，就不能更改。另一方面，状态可以在任何时候改变。道具也从父组件传递给子组件，而状态是单个组件的局部状态。
state -这是一个特殊的可变属性，保存组件数据。它在Componet挂载时具有默认值。
props -这是一个特殊的属性，本质上是不可变的，用于从父到子的值传递。props只是组件之间的通信通道，总是从顶部(父组件)移动到底部(子组件)。
下面是结合状态和道具的完整示例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>state&props example</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react@0.14.8/dist/react.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@0.14.8/dist/react-dom.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/babel-standalone@6.15.0/babel.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
<script type="text/babel">
var TodoList = React.createClass({
render(){
return <div className='tacos-list'>
{
this.props.list.map( ( todo, index ) => {
return <p key={ `taco-${ index }` }>{ todo }</p>;
})}
</div>;
}
});
var Todo = React.createClass({
getInitialState(){
return {
list : [ 'Banana', 'Apple', 'Beans' ]
}
},
handleReverse(){
this.setState({list : this.state.list.reverse()});
},
render(){
return <div className='parent-component'>
<h3 onClick={this.handleReverse}>List of todo:</h3>
<TodoList list={ this.state.list } />
</div>;
}
});
ReactDOM.render(
<Todo/>,
document.getElementById('root')
);
</script>
</body>
</html>
摘自:Andrea Chiarelli的书《开始React:用React简化前端开发工作流，增强应用程序的用户体验》:
Every React component has a props property. The purpose of this property is to collect data input passed to the component itself. JSX attribute is attached to a React element, a property with the same name is attached to the props object. So, we can access the passed data by using the attached property. In addition, the immutability of props allows us to think of components as pure functions, which are functions that have no side effects (since they don't change their input data). We can think of data passing from one component to another as a unidirectional data flow, from the parent component toward the child components. This gives us a more controllable system.
React provides a mechanism to support the automatic rendering of a component when data changes. Such a mechanism is based on the concept of state. React state is a property that represents data that changes over time. Every component supports the state property, but it should be used carefully. Components that store data that can change over time are said to be stateful components. A stateful component stores the state in the this.state property. To inform a component that the state has changed, you must use the setState() method. State initialization is the only case where you can assign a value to the this.state property without using setState().
setState()将新数据与已包含在状态中的旧数据合并，并覆盖先前的状态 setState()会触发render()方法的执行，所以永远不要显式地调用render()
