我有一条从a到B的直线和一个半径为R的圆。
用什么算法来检查直线是否与圆相交?它在圆边的哪个坐标上?
我有一条从a到B的直线和一个半径为R的圆。
用什么算法来检查直线是否与圆相交?它在圆边的哪个坐标上?
当前回答
这个Java函数返回一个DVec2对象。它用DVec2表示圆心,用DVec2表示半径,用Line表示直线。
public static DVec2 CircLine(DVec2 C, double r, Line line)
{
DVec2 A = line.p1;
DVec2 B = line.p2;
DVec2 P;
DVec2 AC = new DVec2( C );
AC.sub(A);
DVec2 AB = new DVec2( B );
AB.sub(A);
double ab2 = AB.dot(AB);
double acab = AC.dot(AB);
double t = acab / ab2;
if (t < 0.0)
t = 0.0;
else if (t > 1.0)
t = 1.0;
//P = A + t * AB;
P = new DVec2( AB );
P.mul( t );
P.add( A );
DVec2 H = new DVec2( P );
H.sub( C );
double h2 = H.dot(H);
double r2 = r * r;
if(h2 > r2)
return null;
else
return P;
}
其他回答
似乎没人考虑投影,我是不是完全跑题了?
将向量AC投影到AB上,投影的向量AD就得到了新的点D。 如果D和C之间的距离小于(或等于)R,我们有一个交点。
是这样的:
社区编辑:
对于稍后无意中看到这篇文章并想知道如何实现这样一个算法的人来说,这里是一个使用常见向量操作函数用JavaScript编写的通用实现。
/**
* Returns the distance from line segment AB to point C
*/
function distanceSegmentToPoint(A, B, C) {
// Compute vectors AC and AB
const AC = sub(C, A);
const AB = sub(B, A);
// Get point D by taking the projection of AC onto AB then adding the offset of A
const D = add(proj(AC, AB), A);
const AD = sub(D, A);
// D might not be on AB so calculate k of D down AB (aka solve AD = k * AB)
// We can use either component, but choose larger value to reduce the chance of dividing by zero
const k = Math.abs(AB.x) > Math.abs(AB.y) ? AD.x / AB.x : AD.y / AB.y;
// Check if D is off either end of the line segment
if (k <= 0.0) {
return Math.sqrt(hypot2(C, A));
} else if (k >= 1.0) {
return Math.sqrt(hypot2(C, B));
}
return Math.sqrt(hypot2(C, D));
}
对于这个实现,我使用了两个常见的矢量操作函数,无论您在什么环境中工作,都可能已经提供了这些函数。但是,如果您还没有这些可用的功能,下面介绍如何实现它们。
// Define some common functions for working with vectors
const add = (a, b) => ({x: a.x + b.x, y: a.y + b.y});
const sub = (a, b) => ({x: a.x - b.x, y: a.y - b.y});
const dot = (a, b) => a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y;
const hypot2 = (a, b) => dot(sub(a, b), sub(a, b));
// Function for projecting some vector a onto b
function proj(a, b) {
const k = dot(a, b) / dot(b, b);
return {x: k * b.x, y: k * b.y};
}
You can find a point on a infinite line that is nearest to circle center by projecting vector AC onto vector AB. Calculate the distance between that point and circle center. If it is greater that R, there is no intersection. If the distance is equal to R, line is a tangent of the circle and the point nearest to circle center is actually the intersection point. If distance less that R, then there are 2 intersection points. They lie at the same distance from the point nearest to circle center. That distance can easily be calculated using Pythagorean theorem. Here's algorithm in pseudocode:
{
dX = bX - aX;
dY = bY - aY;
if ((dX == 0) && (dY == 0))
{
// A and B are the same points, no way to calculate intersection
return;
}
dl = (dX * dX + dY * dY);
t = ((cX - aX) * dX + (cY - aY) * dY) / dl;
// point on a line nearest to circle center
nearestX = aX + t * dX;
nearestY = aY + t * dY;
dist = point_dist(nearestX, nearestY, cX, cY);
if (dist == R)
{
// line segment touches circle; one intersection point
iX = nearestX;
iY = nearestY;
if (t < 0 || t > 1)
{
// intersection point is not actually within line segment
}
}
else if (dist < R)
{
// two possible intersection points
dt = sqrt(R * R - dist * dist) / sqrt(dl);
// intersection point nearest to A
t1 = t - dt;
i1X = aX + t1 * dX;
i1Y = aY + t1 * dY;
if (t1 < 0 || t1 > 1)
{
// intersection point is not actually within line segment
}
// intersection point farthest from A
t2 = t + dt;
i2X = aX + t2 * dX;
i2Y = aY + t2 * dY;
if (t2 < 0 || t2 > 1)
{
// intersection point is not actually within line segment
}
}
else
{
// no intersection
}
}
编辑:增加了代码来检查所找到的交点是否实际上在线段内。
在此post circle中,通过检查圆心与线段上的点(Ipoint)之间的距离来检查线碰撞,该点表示从圆心到线段的法线N(图2)之间的交点。
(https://i.stack.imgur.com/3o6do.png)
在图像1中显示一个圆和一条直线,向量A指向线的起点,向量B指向线的终点,向量C指向圆的中心。现在我们必须找到向量E(从线起点到圆中心)和向量D(从线起点到线终点)这个计算如图1所示。
(https://i.stack.imgur.com/7098a.png)
在图2中,我们可以看到向量E通过向量E与单位向量D的“点积”投影到向量D上,点积的结果是标量Xp,表示向量N与向量D的直线起点与交点(Ipoint)之间的距离。 下一个向量X是由单位向量D和标量Xp相乘得到的。
现在我们需要找到向量Z(向量到Ipoint),它很容易它简单的向量加法向量A(在直线上的起点)和向量x。接下来我们需要处理特殊情况,我们必须检查是Ipoint在线段上,如果不是我们必须找出它是它的左边还是右边,我们将使用向量最接近来确定哪个点最接近圆。
(https://i.stack.imgur.com/p9WIr.png)
当投影Xp为负时,Ipoint在线段的左边,距离最近的向量等于线起点的向量,当投影Xp大于向量D的模时,距离最近的向量在线段的右边,距离最近的向量等于线终点的向量在其他情况下,距离最近的向量等于向量Z。
现在,当我们有最近的向量,我们需要找到从圆中心到Ipoint的向量(dist向量),很简单,我们只需要从中心向量减去最近的向量。接下来,检查向量距离的大小是否小于圆半径,如果是,那么它们就会碰撞,如果不是,就没有碰撞。
(https://i.stack.imgur.com/QJ63q.png)
最后,我们可以返回一些值来解决碰撞,最简单的方法是返回碰撞的重叠(从矢量dist magnitude中减去半径)和碰撞的轴,它的向量d。如果需要,交点是向量Z。
圆真的是一个坏人:)所以一个好办法是避免真正的圆,如果可以的话。如果你正在为游戏做碰撞检查,你可以进行一些简化,只做3个点积,并进行一些比较。
我称之为“胖点”或“瘦圈”。它是平行于线段方向上半径为0的椭圆。而是垂直于线段方向的全半径
首先,我会考虑重命名和切换坐标系统,以避免过多的数据:
s0s1 = B-A;
s0qp = C-A;
rSqr = r*r;
其次,hvec2f中的索引h意味着vector必须支持水平操作,如dot()/det()。这意味着它的组件被放置在一个单独的xmm寄存器中,以避免shuffle /hadd'ing/hsub'ing。现在我们开始,最简单的2D游戏碰撞检测的最佳性能版本:
bool fat_point_collides_segment(const hvec2f& s0qp, const hvec2f& s0s1, const float& rSqr) {
auto a = dot(s0s1, s0s1);
//if( a != 0 ) // if you haven't zero-length segments omit this, as it would save you 1 _mm_comineq_ss() instruction and 1 memory fetch
{
auto b = dot(s0s1, s0qp);
auto t = b / a; // length of projection of s0qp onto s0s1
//std::cout << "t = " << t << "\n";
if ((t >= 0) && (t <= 1)) //
{
auto c = dot(s0qp, s0qp);
auto r2 = c - a * t * t;
return (r2 <= rSqr); // true if collides
}
}
return false;
}
我怀疑你能进一步优化它。我正在用它进行神经网络驱动的赛车碰撞检测,处理数百万个迭代步骤。
' VB.NET - Code
Function CheckLineSegmentCircleIntersection(x1 As Double, y1 As Double, x2 As Double, y2 As Double, xc As Double, yc As Double, r As Double) As Boolean
Static xd As Double = 0.0F
Static yd As Double = 0.0F
Static t As Double = 0.0F
Static d As Double = 0.0F
Static dx_2_1 As Double = 0.0F
Static dy_2_1 As Double = 0.0F
dx_2_1 = x2 - x1
dy_2_1 = y2 - y1
t = ((yc - y1) * dy_2_1 + (xc - x1) * dx_2_1) / (dy_2_1 * dy_2_1 + dx_2_1 * dx_2_1)
If 0 <= t And t <= 1 Then
xd = x1 + t * dx_2_1
yd = y1 + t * dy_2_1
d = Math.Sqrt((xd - xc) * (xd - xc) + (yd - yc) * (yd - yc))
Return d <= r
Else
d = Math.Sqrt((xc - x1) * (xc - x1) + (yc - y1) * (yc - y1))
If d <= r Then
Return True
Else
d = Math.Sqrt((xc - x2) * (xc - x2) + (yc - y2) * (yc - y2))
If d <= r Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End If
End If
End Function