我使用下表的解决方案在MySQL:

CREATE TABLE transactions (
  transaction_id int , user_id int , merchant_name varchar(255), transaction_date date , amount int
);

INSERT INTO transactions (transaction_id, user_id, merchant_name, transaction_date, amount)  
VALUES (1, 1 ,'abc', '2015-08-17', 100),(2, 2, 'ced', '2015-2-17', 100),(3, 1, 'def', '2015-2-16', 121),
(4, 1 ,'ced', '2015-3-17', 110),(5, 1, 'ced', '2015-3-17', 150),(6, 2 ,'abc', '2015-4-17', 130), 
(7, 3 ,'ced', '2015-12-17', 10),(8, 3 ,'abc', '2015-8-17', 100),(9, 2 ,'abc', '2015-12-17', 140),(10, 1,'abc', '2015-9-17', 100),
(11, 1 ,'abc', '2015-08-17', 121),(12, 2 ,'ced', '2015-12-23', 130),(13, 1 ,'def', '2015-12-23', 13),(3, 4, 'abc', '2015-2-16', 120),(3, 4, 'def', '2015-2-16', 121),(3, 4, 'ced', '2015-2-16', 121);

计算“金额”列的中位数:

WITH Numbered AS 
(
SELECT *, COUNT(*) OVER () AS TotatRecords,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY amount) AS RowNum
FROM transactions
)
SELECT Avg(amount)
FROM Numbered
WHERE RowNum IN ( FLOOR((TotatRecords+1)/2), FLOOR((TotatRecords+2)/2) )
;

TotalRecords = 16 and Median = 120.5000

此查询将适用于两种情况，即偶数和奇数记录。

我刚刚在网上的评论中找到了另一个答案:

对于几乎所有SQL中的中位数: SELECT x.val from data x, data y GROUP BY x.val 总和(符号(1-SIGN (y.val-x.val))) = (COUNT (*) + 1) / 2

确保列有良好的索引，并且索引用于筛选和排序。与解释计划核对。

select count(*) from table --find the number of rows

计算“中值”行号。可能使用:median_row = floor(count / 2)。

然后把它从列表中挑出来:

select val from table order by val asc limit median_row,1

这将返回您想要的值的一行。

基于@bob的回答，这将查询泛化为能够返回多个中位数，并按某些标准分组。

想想，例如，一个车场二手车的中位数销售价格，按年-月分组。

SELECT 
    period, 
    AVG(middle_values) AS 'median' 
FROM (
    SELECT t1.sale_price AS 'middle_values', t1.row_num, t1.period, t2.count
    FROM (
        SELECT 
            @last_period:=@period AS 'last_period',
            @period:=DATE_FORMAT(sale_date, '%Y-%m') AS 'period',
            IF (@period<>@last_period, @row:=1, @row:=@row+1) as `row_num`, 
            x.sale_price
          FROM listings AS x, (SELECT @row:=0) AS r
          WHERE 1
            -- where criteria goes here
          ORDER BY DATE_FORMAT(sale_date, '%Y%m'), x.sale_price
        ) AS t1
    LEFT JOIN (  
          SELECT COUNT(*) as 'count', DATE_FORMAT(sale_date, '%Y-%m') AS 'period'
          FROM listings x
          WHERE 1
            -- same where criteria goes here
          GROUP BY DATE_FORMAT(sale_date, '%Y%m')
        ) AS t2
        ON t1.period = t2.period
    ) AS t3
WHERE 
    row_num >= (count/2) 
    AND row_num <= ((count/2) + 1)
GROUP BY t3.period
ORDER BY t3.period;

你可以使用这里的用户定义函数。

另一个对Velcrow答案的重复，但使用了一个中间表，并利用了用于行编号的变量来获得计数，而不是执行额外的查询来计算它。还开始计数，以便第一行是第0行，以便简单地使用Floor和Ceil选择中位数行。

SELECT Avg(tmp.val) as median_val
    FROM (SELECT inTab.val, @rows := @rows + 1 as rowNum
              FROM data as inTab,  (SELECT @rows := -1) as init
              -- Replace with better where clause or delete
              WHERE 2 > 1
              ORDER BY inTab.val) as tmp
    WHERE tmp.rowNum in (Floor(@rows / 2), Ceil(@rows / 2));

create table med(id integer);
insert into med(id) values(1);
insert into med(id) values(2);
insert into med(id) values(3);
insert into med(id) values(4);
insert into med(id) values(5);
insert into med(id) values(6);

select (MIN(count)+MAX(count))/2 from 
(select case when (select count(*) from 
med A where A.id<B.id)=(select count(*)/2 from med) OR 
(select count(*) from med A where A.id>B.id)=(select count(*)/2 
from med) then cast(B.id as float)end as count from med B) C;

 ?column? 
----------
  3.5
(1 row)

OR

select cast(avg(id) as float) from 
(select t1.id from med t1 JOIN med t2 on t1.id!= t2.id 
group by t1.id having ABS(SUM(SIGN(t1.id-t2.id)))=1) A;