在Django表单中，我如何使字段只读(或禁用)?
当使用表单创建新条目时，应该启用所有字段——但当记录处于更新模式时，某些字段需要为只读。
例如，当创建一个新的Item模型时，所有字段都必须是可编辑的，但是在更新记录时，是否有一种方法禁用sku字段，使其可见，但不能编辑?
class Item(models.Model):
sku = models.CharField(max_length=50)
description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
added_by = models.ForeignKey(User)
class ItemForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Item
exclude = ('added_by')
def new_item_view(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ItemForm(request.POST)
# Validate and save
else:
form = ItemForm()
# Render the view
ItemForm类可以重用吗?ItemForm或Item模型类需要做哪些更改?我是否需要编写另一个类“ItemUpdateForm”来更新项目?
def update_item_view(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ItemUpdateForm(request.POST)
# Validate and save
else:
form = ItemUpdateForm()
我也遇到了同样的问题，所以我创建了一个Mixin，它似乎适用于我的用例。
class ReadOnlyFieldsMixin(object):
readonly_fields =()
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
for field in (field for name, field in self.fields.iteritems() if name in self.readonly_fields):
field.widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'true'
field.required = False
def clean(self):
cleaned_data = super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin,self).clean()
for field in self.readonly_fields:
cleaned_data[field] = getattr(self.instance, field)
return cleaned_data
用法，只需定义哪些必须是只读的:
class MyFormWithReadOnlyFields(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, MyForm):
readonly_fields = ('field1', 'field2', 'fieldx')
沃克的回答对我帮助很大!
我用get_readonly_fields修改了他的例子，让它在Django 1.3中工作。
通常你应该在app/admin.py中声明这样的东西:
class ItemAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
readonly_fields = ('url',)
我是这样适应的:
# In the admin.py file
class ItemAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
def get_readonly_fields(self, request, obj=None):
if obj:
return ['url']
else:
return []
它工作得很好。现在，如果您添加一个Item, url字段是读写的，但在更改时它变成只读的。
如果您需要多个只读字段。您可以使用下面给出的任何方法
方法1
class ItemForm(ModelForm):
readonly = ('sku',)
def __init__(self, *arg, **kwrg):
super(ItemForm, self).__init__(*arg, **kwrg)
for x in self.readonly:
self.fields[x].widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'disabled'
def clean(self):
data = super(ItemForm, self).clean()
for x in self.readonly:
data[x] = getattr(self.instance, x)
return data
方法2
继承的方法
class AdvancedModelForm(ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *arg, **kwrg):
super(AdvancedModelForm, self).__init__(*arg, **kwrg)
if hasattr(self, 'readonly'):
for x in self.readonly:
self.fields[x].widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'disabled'
def clean(self):
data = super(AdvancedModelForm, self).clean()
if hasattr(self, 'readonly'):
for x in self.readonly:
data[x] = getattr(self.instance, x)
return data
class ItemForm(AdvancedModelForm):
readonly = ('sku',)
从禁用字段mixin开始:
class ModelAllDisabledFormMixin(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
'''
This mixin to ModelForm disables all fields. Useful to have detail view based on model
'''
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
form_fields = self.fields
for key in form_fields.keys():
form_fields[key].disabled = True
然后:
class MyModelAllDisabledForm(ModelAllDisabledFormMixin, forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = MyModel
fields = '__all__'
准备视图:
class MyModelDetailView(LoginRequiredMixin, UpdateView):
model = MyModel
template_name = 'my_model_detail.html'
form_class = MyModelAllDisabledForm
把它放在my_model_detail.html模板中:
<div class="form">
<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form | crispy }}
</form>
</div>
您将获得与更新视图中相同的表单，但禁用了所有字段。
