我使用在企业jQuery网站上找到的方法:

下面是他们的例子，展示了如何声明私有和公共属性和函数。一切都是作为一个自动执行的匿名函数完成的。

(function( skillet, $, undefined ) {
    //Private Property
    var isHot = true;

    //Public Property
    skillet.ingredient = "Bacon Strips";

    //Public Method
    skillet.fry = function() {
        var oliveOil;

        addItem( "\t\n Butter \n\t" );
        addItem( oliveOil );
        console.log( "Frying " + skillet.ingredient );
    };

    //Private Method
    function addItem( item ) {
        if ( item !== undefined ) {
            console.log( "Adding " + $.trim(item) );
        }
    }
}( window.skillet = window.skillet || {}, jQuery ));

如果你想访问某个公共成员你只需输入skillet。fry()或skillet。配料。

真正酷的是，现在可以使用完全相同的语法扩展名称空间。

//Adding new Functionality to the skillet
(function( skillet, $, undefined ) {
    //Private Property
    var amountOfGrease = "1 Cup";

    //Public Method
    skillet.toString = function() {
        console.log( skillet.quantity + " " +
                     skillet.ingredient + " & " +
                     amountOfGrease + " of Grease" );
        console.log( isHot ? "Hot" : "Cold" );
    };
}( window.skillet = window.skillet || {}, jQuery ));

第三个未定义的参数

The third, undefined argument is the source of the variable of value undefined. I'm not sure if it's still relevant today, but while working with older browsers / JavaScript standards (ecmascript 5, javascript < 1.8.5 ~ firefox 4), the global-scope variable undefined is writable, so anyone could rewrite its value. The third argument (when not passed a value) creates a variable named undefined which is scoped to the namespace/function. Because no value was passed when you created the name space, it defaults to the value undefined.

因为您可能会编写不同的JavaScript文件，然后在应用程序中组合或不组合它们，所以每个文件都需要能够恢复或构造名称空间对象，而不会破坏其他文件的工作……

一个文件可能打算使用命名空间namespace.namespace1:

namespace = window.namespace || {};
namespace.namespace1 = namespace.namespace1 || {};

namespace.namespace1.doSomeThing = function(){}

另一个文件可能想要使用命名空间namespace2:

namespace = window.namespace || {};
namespace.namespace2 = namespace.namespace2 || {};

namespace.namespace2.doSomeThing = function(){}

这两个文件可以共存，也可以分开而不会发生碰撞。

JavaScript默认情况下不支持命名空间。因此，如果您创建任何元素(函数、方法、对象、变量)，那么它将变成全局的，并污染全局命名空间。让我们以定义两个没有任何名称空间的函数为例，

function func1() {
    console.log("This is a first definition");

}
function func1() {
    console.log("This is a second definition");
}
func1(); // This is a second definition

它总是调用第二个函数定义。在这种情况下，命名空间将解决名称冲突问题。

如果你需要私有作用域:

var yourNamespace = (function() {

  //Private property
  var publicScope = {};

  //Private property
  var privateProperty = "aaa"; 

  //Public property
  publicScope.publicProperty = "bbb";

  //Public method
  publicScope.publicMethod = function() {
    this.privateMethod();
  };

  //Private method
  function privateMethod() {
    console.log(this.privateProperty);
  }

  //Return only the public parts
  return publicScope;
}());

yourNamespace.publicMethod();

否则，如果你永远不会使用私有作用域:

var yourNamespace = {};

yourNamespace.publicMethod = function() {
    // Do something...
};

yourNamespace.publicMethod2 = function() {
    // Do something...
};

yourNamespace.publicMethod();

下面是Stoyan Stefanov在他的JavaScript Patterns一书中是如何做到这一点的，我发现这本书非常好(它还展示了他如何做注释，允许自动生成API文档，以及如何向自定义对象的原型添加一个方法):

/**
* My JavaScript application
*
* @module myapp
*/

/** @namespace Namespace for MYAPP classes and functions. */
var MYAPP = MYAPP || {};

/**
* A maths utility
* @namespace MYAPP
* @class math_stuff
*/
MYAPP.math_stuff = {

    /**
    * Sums two numbers
    *
    * @method sum
    * @param {Number} a First number
    * @param {Number} b Second number
    * @return {Number} Sum of the inputs
    */
    sum: function (a, b) {
        return a + b;
    },

    /**
    * Multiplies two numbers
    *
    * @method multi
    * @param {Number} a First number
    * @param {Number} b Second number
    * @return {Number} The inputs multiplied
    */
    multi: function (a, b) {
        return a * b;
    }
};

/**
* Constructs Person objects
* @class Person
* @constructor
* @namespace MYAPP
* @param {String} First name
* @param {String} Last name
*/
MYAPP.Person = function (first, last) {

    /**
    * First name of the Person
    * @property first_name
    * @type String
    */
    this.first_name = first;

    /**
    * Last name of the Person
    * @property last_name
    * @type String
    */
    this.last_name = last;
};

/**
* Return Person's full name
*
* @method getName
* @return {String} First name + last name
*/
MYAPP.Person.prototype.getName = function () {
    return this.first_name + ' ' + this.last_name;
};

我的习惯是使用函数myName()作为属性存储，然后var myName作为“方法”持有者…

不管这是否合法，打我吧!我一直依赖于我的PHP逻辑，事情很简单。: D

function myObj() {
    this.prop1 = 1;
    this.prop2 = 2;
    this.prop3 = 'string';
}

var myObj = (
 (myObj instanceof Function !== false)
 ? Object.create({

     $props: new myObj(),
     fName1: function() { /* code..  */ },
     fName2: function() { /* code ...*/ }
 })
 : console.log('Object creation failed!')
);

if (this !== that) myObj.fName1();其他myObj.fName2 ();

你也可以用“反之亦然”的方式在对象创建之前进行检查，这样更好:

function myObj() {
    this.prop1 = 1;
    this.prop2 = 2;
    this.prop3 = 'string';
}

var myObj = (
    (typeof(myObj) !== "function" || myObj instanceof Function === false)
    ? new Boolean()
    : Object.create({
        $props: new myObj(),
        init: function () { return; },
        fName1: function() { /* code..  */ },
        fName2: function() { /* code ...*/ }
    })
);

if (myObj instanceof Boolean) {
    Object.freeze(myObj);
    console.log('myObj failed!');
    debugger;
}
else
    myObj.init();

JavaScript:使用Object.create()创建对象