比如,我有一个脚本,用这行代码调用:

./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile

或者这个:

./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile 

什么是公认的解析方式,以便在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v、$f和$d都将设置为true,而$outFile将等于/fiz/someOtherFile?


当前回答

我想分享我为解析选项所做的工作。这里的答案没有满足我的一些需求,所以我不得不提出这个问题:https://github.com/MihirLuthra/bash_option_parser

这支持:

子选项分析选项的别名可选参数变量参数打印用法和错误

假设我们有一个名为fruit的命令,用法如下:

fruit <fruit-name> ...
   [-e|—-eat|—-chew]
   [-c|--cut <how> <why>]
   <command> [<args>] 

-e不带参数-c采用两个参数,即如何切割和为什么切割水果本身至少需要一个论点。<command>用于子选项,如apple、orange等(类似于git,它有子选项commit、push等)

所以要解析它:

parse_options \
    'fruit'                         '1 ...'  \
    '-e'     , '--eat' , '--chew'   '0'      \
    '-c'     , '--cut'              '1 1'    \
    'apple'                         'S'      \
    'orange'                        'S'      \
    ';' \
    "$@"

现在,如果出现任何使用错误,可以使用option_parser_error_msg打印,如下所示:

retval=$?

if [ $retval -ne 0 ]; then
    # this will manage error messages if
    # insufficient or extra args are supplied

    option_parser_error_msg "$retval"

    # This will print the usage
    print_usage 'fruit'
    exit 1
fi

现在检查是否通过了一些选项,

if [ -n "${OPTIONS[-c]}" ]
then
    echo "-c was passed"

    # args can be accessed in a 2D-array-like format
    echo "Arg1 to -c = ${ARGS[-c,0]}"
    echo "Arg2 to -c = ${ARGS[-c,1]}"

fi

子选项解析也可以通过将$shift_count传递给parse_options_detailed来完成,这使得它在移动args以到达子选项的args之后开始解析。这在本例中进行了演示。

自述文件和示例中提供了详细描述在存储库中。

其他回答

我想提供我的选项解析版本,它允许以下内容:

-s p1
--stage p1
-w somefolder
--workfolder somefolder
-sw p1 somefolder
-e=hello

也允许这样做(可能不需要):

-s--workfolder p1 somefolder
-se=hello p1
-swe=hello p1 somefolder

您必须在使用前决定是否在选项上使用=。这是为了保持代码干净。

while [[ $# > 0 ]]
do
    key="$1"
    while [[ ${key+x} ]]
    do
        case $key in
            -s*|--stage)
                STAGE="$2"
                shift # option has parameter
                ;;
            -w*|--workfolder)
                workfolder="$2"
                shift # option has parameter
                ;;
            -e=*)
                EXAMPLE="${key#*=}"
                break # option has been fully handled
                ;;
            *)
                # unknown option
                echo Unknown option: $key #1>&2
                exit 10 # either this: my preferred way to handle unknown options
                break # or this: do this to signal the option has been handled (if exit isn't used)
                ;;
        esac
        # prepare for next option in this key, if any
        [[ "$key" = -? || "$key" == --* ]] && unset key || key="${key/#-?/-}"
    done
    shift # option(s) fully processed, proceed to next input argument
done
# As long as there is at least one more argument, keep looping
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
    key="$1"
    case "$key" in
        # This is a flag type option. Will catch either -f or --foo
        -f|--foo)
        FOO=1
        ;;
        # Also a flag type option. Will catch either -b or --bar
        -b|--bar)
        BAR=1
        ;;
        # This is an arg value type option. Will catch -o value or --output-file value
        -o|--output-file)
        shift # past the key and to the value
        OUTPUTFILE="$1"
        ;;
        # This is an arg=value type option. Will catch -o=value or --output-file=value
        -o=*|--output-file=*)
        # No need to shift here since the value is part of the same string
        OUTPUTFILE="${key#*=}"
        ;;
        *)
        # Do whatever you want with extra options
        echo "Unknown option '$key'"
        ;;
    esac
    # Shift after checking all the cases to get the next option
    shift
done

这使您既可以使用空格分隔的选项/值,也可以使用相等的定义值。

因此,您可以使用以下命令运行脚本:

./myscript --foo -b -o /fizz/file.txt

以及:

./myscript -f --bar -o=/fizz/file.txt

并且两者应该具有相同的最终结果。

赞成的意见:

允许-arg=value和-arg-value适用于bash中可以使用的任何arg名称意思是-a或-arg或--arg或-ar-g或其他纯粹的狂欢。无需学习/使用getopt或getopts

欺骗:

无法组合参数意思是没有-abc。您必须执行-a-b-c

我已经编写了一个bash助手来编写一个不错的bash工具

项目主页:https://gitlab.mbedsys.org/mbedsys/bashopts

例子:

#!/bin/bash -ei

# load the library
. bashopts.sh

# Enable backtrace dusplay on error
trap 'bashopts_exit_handle' ERR

# Initialize the library
bashopts_setup -n "$0" -d "This is myapp tool description displayed on help message" -s "$HOME/.config/myapprc"

# Declare the options
bashopts_declare -n first_name -l first -o f -d "First name" -t string -i -s -r
bashopts_declare -n last_name -l last -o l -d "Last name" -t string -i -s -r
bashopts_declare -n display_name -l display-name -t string -d "Display name" -e "\$first_name \$last_name"
bashopts_declare -n age -l number -d "Age" -t number
bashopts_declare -n email_list -t string -m add -l email -d "Email adress"

# Parse arguments
bashopts_parse_args "$@"

# Process argument
bashopts_process_args

将提供帮助:

NAME:
    ./example.sh - This is myapp tool description displayed on help message

USAGE:
    [options and commands] [-- [extra args]]

OPTIONS:
    -h,--help                          Display this help
    -n,--non-interactive true          Non interactive mode - [$bashopts_non_interactive] (type:boolean, default:false)
    -f,--first "John"                  First name - [$first_name] (type:string, default:"")
    -l,--last "Smith"                  Last name - [$last_name] (type:string, default:"")
    --display-name "John Smith"        Display name - [$display_name] (type:string, default:"$first_name $last_name")
    --number 0                         Age - [$age] (type:number, default:0)
    --email                            Email adress - [$email_list] (type:string, default:"")

享受:)

while [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; do
  case "$1" in
    -n) name="$2"; shift 2;;
    -p) pidfile="$2"; shift 2;;
    -l) logfile="$2"; shift 2;;

    --name=*) name="${1#*=}"; shift 1;;
    --pidfile=*) pidfile="${1#*=}"; shift 1;;
    --logfile=*) logfile="${1#*=}"; shift 1;;
    --name|--pidfile|--logfile) echo "$1 requires an argument" >&2; exit 1;;
    
    -*) echo "unknown option: $1" >&2; exit 1;;
    *) handle_argument "$1"; shift 1;;
  esac
done

此解决方案:

句柄-n arg和--name=arg允许在末尾使用参数如果有任何拼写错误,则显示正常错误兼容,不使用抨击可读,不需要在循环中维护状态

我写了一个脚本,可以帮助轻松解析命令行参数https://github.com/unfor19/bargs

示例

$ bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99
Name:      Willy
Age:       99
Gender:    male
Location:  chocolate-factory
$ bash example.sh -n Meir --gender male
[ERROR] Required argument: age

Usage: bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99

--person_name  |  -n  [Willy]              What is your name?
--age          |  -a  [Required]
--gender       |  -g  [Required]
--location     |  -l  [chocolate-factory]  insert your location
$ bash example.sh -h

Usage: bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99
--person_name  |  -n  [Willy]              What is your name?
--age          |  -a  [Required]
--gender       |  -g  [Required]
--location     |  -l  [chocolate-factory]  insert your location