我写了一个脚本，可以帮助轻松解析命令行参数https://github.com/unfor19/bargs

示例

$ bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99
Name:      Willy
Age:       99
Gender:    male
Location:  chocolate-factory

$ bash example.sh -n Meir --gender male
[ERROR] Required argument: age

Usage: bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99

--person_name  |  -n  [Willy]              What is your name?
--age          |  -a  [Required]
--gender       |  -g  [Required]
--location     |  -l  [chocolate-factory]  insert your location

$ bash example.sh -h

Usage: bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99
--person_name  |  -n  [Willy]              What is your name?
--age          |  -a  [Required]
--gender       |  -g  [Required]
--location     |  -l  [chocolate-factory]  insert your location

当我尝试这个问题时，上面的答案似乎有点bug——这是我发现更强大的解决方案：

boolean_arg=""
arg_with_value=""

while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]
do
key="$1"
case $key in
    -b|--boolean-arg)
    boolean_arg=true
    shift
    ;;
    -a|--arg-with-value)
    arg_with_value="$2"
    shift
    shift
    ;;
    -*)
    echo "Unknown option: $1"
    exit 1
    ;;
    *)
    arg_num=$(( $arg_num + 1 ))
    case $arg_num in
        1)
        first_normal_arg="$1"
        shift
        ;;
        2)
        second_normal_arg="$1"
        shift
        ;;
        *)
        bad_args=TRUE
    esac
    ;;
esac
done

# Handy to have this here when adding arguments to
# see if they're working. Just edit the '0' to be '1'.
if [[ 0 == 1 ]]; then
    echo "first_normal_arg: $first_normal_arg"
    echo "second_normal_arg: $second_normal_arg"
    echo "boolean_arg: $boolean_arg"
    echo "arg_with_value: $arg_with_value"
    exit 0
fi

if [[ $bad_args == TRUE || $arg_num < 2 ]]; then
    echo "Usage: $(basename "$0") <first-normal-arg> <second-normal-arg> [--boolean-arg] [--arg-with-value VALUE]"
    exit 1
fi

假设我们创建一个名为test_args.sh的shell脚本，如下所示

#!/bin/sh
until [ $# -eq 0 ]
do
  name=${1:1}; shift;
  if [[ -z "$1" || $1 == -* ]] ; then eval "export $name=true"; else eval "export $name=$1"; shift; fi  
done
echo "year=$year month=$month day=$day flag=$flag"

运行以下命令后：

sh test_args.sh  -year 2017 -flag  -month 12 -day 22 

输出将是：

year=2017 month=12 day=22 flag=true

我认为这个很简单：

#!/bin/bash
#

readopt='getopts $opts opt;rc=$?;[ "$rc$opt" = "0?" ]&&exit 1;[ $rc = 0 ]||{ shift $[OPTIND-1];false; }'

opts=vfdo:

# Enumerating options
while eval "$readopt"
do
    echo OPT:$opt ${OPTARG+OPTARG:$OPTARG}
done

# Enumerating arguments
for arg
do
    echo ARG:$arg
done

调用示例：

./myscript -v -do /fizz/someOtherFile -f ./foo/bar/someFile
OPT:v 
OPT:d 
OPT:o OPTARG:/fizz/someOtherFile
OPT:f 
ARG:./foo/bar/someFile

getopt（）/getopts（）是一个很好的选项。从此处复制：

“getopt”的简单用法如下小脚本所示：

#!/bin/bash
echo "Before getopt"
for i
do
  echo $i
done
args=`getopt abc:d $*`
set -- $args
echo "After getopt"
for i
do
  echo "-->$i"
done

我们所说的是，-b、 -c或-d将被允许，但-c后面跟着一个参数（“c:”表示）。如果我们称之为“g”并尝试：

bash-2.05a$ ./g -abc foo
Before getopt
-abc
foo
After getopt
-->-a
-->-b
-->-c
-->foo
-->--

我们从两个参数开始“getopt”将选项和每个人都有自己的论点。它也是添加了“--”。

有几种方法可以解析cmdline参数（例如GNU getopt（不可移植）vs BSD（MacOS）getopt vs getopts）-所有这些都有问题。此解决方案

是便携式的！没有依赖关系，仅依赖于bash内置允许短期和长期选项处理空格或同时在选项和参数之间使用=分隔符支持串联短选项样式-vxfhandles选项和可选参数（例如--color vs--color=always），正确检测和报告未知选项支持--表示选项结束，以及与相同功能集的替代方案相比，不需要代码膨胀。即简洁，因此易于维护

示例：任何

# flag
-f
--foo

# option with required argument
-b"Hello World"
-b "Hello World"
--bar "Hello World"
--bar="Hello World"

# option with optional argument
--baz
--baz="Optional Hello"

#!/usr/bin/env bash

usage() {
  cat - >&2 <<EOF
NAME
    program-name.sh - Brief description
 
SYNOPSIS
    program-name.sh [-h|--help]
    program-name.sh [-f|--foo]
                    [-b|--bar <arg>]
                    [--baz[=<arg>]]
                    [--]
                    FILE ...

REQUIRED ARGUMENTS
  FILE ...
          input files

OPTIONS
  -h, --help
          Prints this and exits

  -f, --foo
          A flag option
      
  -b, --bar <arg>
          Option requiring an argument <arg>

  --baz[=<arg>]
          Option that has an optional argument <arg>. If <arg>
          is not specified, defaults to 'DEFAULT'
  --     
          Specify end of options; useful if the first non option
          argument starts with a hyphen

EOF
}

fatal() {
    for i; do
        echo -e "${i}" >&2
    done
    exit 1
}

# For long option processing
next_arg() {
    if [[ $OPTARG == *=* ]]; then
        # for cases like '--opt=arg'
        OPTARG="${OPTARG#*=}"
    else
        # for cases like '--opt arg'
        OPTARG="${args[$OPTIND]}"
        OPTIND=$((OPTIND + 1))
    fi
}

# ':' means preceding option character expects one argument, except
# first ':' which make getopts run in silent mode. We handle errors with
# wildcard case catch. Long options are considered as the '-' character
optspec=":hfb:-:"
args=("" "$@")  # dummy first element so $1 and $args[1] are aligned
while getopts "$optspec" optchar; do
    case "$optchar" in
        h) usage; exit 0 ;;
        f) foo=1 ;;
        b) bar="$OPTARG" ;;
        -) # long option processing
            case "$OPTARG" in
                help)
                    usage; exit 0 ;;
                foo)
                    foo=1 ;;
                bar|bar=*) next_arg
                    bar="$OPTARG" ;;
                baz)
                    baz=DEFAULT ;;
                baz=*) next_arg
                    baz="$OPTARG" ;;
                -) break ;;
                *) fatal "Unknown option '--${OPTARG}'" "see '${0} --help' for usage" ;;
            esac
            ;;
        *) fatal "Unknown option: '-${OPTARG}'" "See '${0} --help' for usage" ;;
    esac
done

shift $((OPTIND-1))

if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]; then
    fatal "Expected at least one required argument FILE" \
    "See '${0} --help' for usage"
fi

echo "foo=$foo, bar=$bar, baz=$baz, files=${@}"