简单易修改，参数可以按任意顺序排列。这可以修改为采用任何形式的参数（-a、-a、a等）。

for arg in "$@"
do
   key=$(echo $arg | cut -f1 -d=)`
   value=$(echo $arg | cut -f2 -d=)`
   case "$key" in
        name|-name)      read_name=$value;;
        id|-id)          read_id=$value;;
        *)               echo "I dont know what to do with this"
   ease
done

Bash空格分隔（例如--option参数）

cat >/tmp/demo-space-separated.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

POSITIONAL_ARGS=()

while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
  case $1 in
    -e|--extension)
      EXTENSION="$2"
      shift # past argument
      shift # past value
      ;;
    -s|--searchpath)
      SEARCHPATH="$2"
      shift # past argument
      shift # past value
      ;;
    --default)
      DEFAULT=YES
      shift # past argument
      ;;
    -*|--*)
      echo "Unknown option $1"
      exit 1
      ;;
    *)
      POSITIONAL_ARGS+=("$1") # save positional arg
      shift # past argument
      ;;
  esac
done

set -- "${POSITIONAL_ARGS[@]}" # restore positional parameters

echo "FILE EXTENSION  = ${EXTENSION}"
echo "SEARCH PATH     = ${SEARCHPATH}"
echo "DEFAULT         = ${DEFAULT}"
echo "Number files in SEARCH PATH with EXTENSION:" $(ls -1 "${SEARCHPATH}"/*."${EXTENSION}" | wc -l)

if [[ -n $1 ]]; then
    echo "Last line of file specified as non-opt/last argument:"
    tail -1 "$1"
fi
EOF

chmod +x /tmp/demo-space-separated.sh

/tmp/demo-space-separated.sh -e conf -s /etc /etc/hosts

复制粘贴上面的块的输出

FILE EXTENSION  = conf
SEARCH PATH     = /etc
DEFAULT         =
Number files in SEARCH PATH with EXTENSION: 14
Last line of file specified as non-opt/last argument:
#93.184.216.34    example.com

用法

demo-space-separated.sh -e conf -s /etc /etc/hosts

---

Bash等于分隔符（例如，--option=argument）

cat >/tmp/demo-equals-separated.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

for i in "$@"; do
  case $i in
    -e=*|--extension=*)
      EXTENSION="${i#*=}"
      shift # past argument=value
      ;;
    -s=*|--searchpath=*)
      SEARCHPATH="${i#*=}"
      shift # past argument=value
      ;;
    --default)
      DEFAULT=YES
      shift # past argument with no value
      ;;
    -*|--*)
      echo "Unknown option $i"
      exit 1
      ;;
    *)
      ;;
  esac
done

echo "FILE EXTENSION  = ${EXTENSION}"
echo "SEARCH PATH     = ${SEARCHPATH}"
echo "DEFAULT         = ${DEFAULT}"
echo "Number files in SEARCH PATH with EXTENSION:" $(ls -1 "${SEARCHPATH}"/*."${EXTENSION}" | wc -l)

if [[ -n $1 ]]; then
    echo "Last line of file specified as non-opt/last argument:"
    tail -1 $1
fi
EOF

chmod +x /tmp/demo-equals-separated.sh

/tmp/demo-equals-separated.sh -e=conf -s=/etc /etc/hosts

复制粘贴上面的块的输出

FILE EXTENSION  = conf
SEARCH PATH     = /etc
DEFAULT         =
Number files in SEARCH PATH with EXTENSION: 14
Last line of file specified as non-opt/last argument:
#93.184.216.34    example.com

用法

demo-equals-separated.sh -e=conf -s=/etc /etc/hosts

---

要更好地理解${i#*=}，请在本指南中搜索“Substring Removal”。它在功能上等同于调用一个不需要的子流程的‘sed’s/[^=]*=//'<<<“$i”`或调用两个不需要子流程的“echo”$i”|sed’s/[^=]*=//'`。

---

将bash与getopt[s]一起使用

getopt（1）限制（较旧、较新的getopt版本）：

无法处理空字符串的参数无法处理带有嵌入空格的参数

最近的getopt版本没有这些限制。有关更多信息，请参阅这些文档。

---

POSIX获取选项

此外，POSIX外壳和其他提供的getopts没有这些限制。我包含了一个简单的getopts示例。

cat >/tmp/demo-getopts.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/sh

# A POSIX variable
OPTIND=1         # Reset in case getopts has been used previously in the shell.

# Initialize our own variables:
output_file=""
verbose=0

while getopts "h?vf:" opt; do
  case "$opt" in
    h|\?)
      show_help
      exit 0
      ;;
    v)  verbose=1
      ;;
    f)  output_file=$OPTARG
      ;;
  esac
done

shift $((OPTIND-1))

[ "${1:-}" = "--" ] && shift

echo "verbose=$verbose, output_file='$output_file', Leftovers: $@"
EOF

chmod +x /tmp/demo-getopts.sh

/tmp/demo-getopts.sh -vf /etc/hosts foo bar

复制粘贴上面的块的输出

verbose=1, output_file='/etc/hosts', Leftovers: foo bar

用法

demo-getopts.sh -vf /etc/hosts foo bar

getopts的优点是：

它更便于携带，可以在其他外壳中使用，如dash。它可以以典型的Unix方式自动处理多个单一选项，如-vf文件名。

getopts的缺点是它只能处理短选项（-h，而不是-help），而无需额外代码。

有一个getopts教程，它解释了所有语法和变量的含义。在bash中，还有帮助getopts，这可能会提供信息。

当我尝试这个问题时，上面的答案似乎有点bug——这是我发现更强大的解决方案：

boolean_arg=""
arg_with_value=""

while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]
do
key="$1"
case $key in
    -b|--boolean-arg)
    boolean_arg=true
    shift
    ;;
    -a|--arg-with-value)
    arg_with_value="$2"
    shift
    shift
    ;;
    -*)
    echo "Unknown option: $1"
    exit 1
    ;;
    *)
    arg_num=$(( $arg_num + 1 ))
    case $arg_num in
        1)
        first_normal_arg="$1"
        shift
        ;;
        2)
        second_normal_arg="$1"
        shift
        ;;
        *)
        bad_args=TRUE
    esac
    ;;
esac
done

# Handy to have this here when adding arguments to
# see if they're working. Just edit the '0' to be '1'.
if [[ 0 == 1 ]]; then
    echo "first_normal_arg: $first_normal_arg"
    echo "second_normal_arg: $second_normal_arg"
    echo "boolean_arg: $boolean_arg"
    echo "arg_with_value: $arg_with_value"
    exit 0
fi

if [[ $bad_args == TRUE || $arg_num < 2 ]]; then
    echo "Usage: $(basename "$0") <first-normal-arg> <second-normal-arg> [--boolean-arg] [--arg-with-value VALUE]"
    exit 1
fi

来自digitalpeer.com，稍作修改：

用法myscript.sh-p=my_prefix-s=dirname-l=libname

#!/bin/bash
for i in "$@"
do
case $i in
    -p=*|--prefix=*)
    PREFIX="${i#*=}"

    ;;
    -s=*|--searchpath=*)
    SEARCHPATH="${i#*=}"
    ;;
    -l=*|--lib=*)
    DIR="${i#*=}"
    ;;
    --default)
    DEFAULT=YES
    ;;
    *)
            # unknown option
    ;;
esac
done
echo PREFIX = ${PREFIX}
echo SEARCH PATH = ${SEARCHPATH}
echo DIRS = ${DIR}
echo DEFAULT = ${DEFAULT}

要更好地理解${i#*=}，请在本指南中搜索“Substring Removal”。它在功能上等同于调用一个不需要的子流程的‘sed’s/[^=]*=//'<<<“$i”`或调用两个不需要子流程的“echo”$i”|sed’s/[^=]*=//'`。

无答案展示了增强的getopt。最热门的答案是误导性的：要么忽略-⁠vfd样式的短选项（OP请求）或位置参数后的选项（OP也请求）；并且它忽略解析错误。相反：

使用util-linux或以前的GNUglibc.1中的增强getopt它与GNUglibc的C函数getopt_long（）一起工作。本页上没有其他解决方案可以做到这一切：在arguments 2中处理空格、引用字符甚至二进制（非增强型getopt无法做到这一点）它可以在结尾处处理选项：script.sh-o outFile file1 file2-v（getopts不执行此操作）allows=-style long选项：script.sh--outfile=fileOut--infile fileIn（如果自解析，则允许两者都很长）允许组合的短选项，例如-vfd（如果是自解析，则实际工作）允许触摸选项参数，例如-oOutfile或-vfdoOutfile它太旧了，以至于没有GNU系统缺少它（例如，任何Linux都有它）。您可以使用：getopt--test测试它的存在→ 返回值4。其他getopt或shell内置getopt用途有限。

以下通话

myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile
myscript -v -f -d -o/fizz/someOtherFile -- ./foo/bar/someFile
myscript --verbose --force --debug ./foo/bar/someFile -o/fizz/someOtherFile
myscript --output=/fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile -vfd
myscript ./foo/bar/someFile -df -v --output /fizz/someOtherFile

全部返回

verbose: y, force: y, debug: y, in: ./foo/bar/someFile, out: /fizz/someOtherFile

使用以下myscript

#!/bin/bash
# More safety, by turning some bugs into errors.
# Without `errexit` you don’t need ! and can replace
# ${PIPESTATUS[0]} with a simple $?, but I prefer safety.
set -o errexit -o pipefail -o noclobber -o nounset

# -allow a command to fail with !’s side effect on errexit
# -use return value from ${PIPESTATUS[0]}, because ! hosed $?
! getopt --test > /dev/null 
if [[ ${PIPESTATUS[0]} -ne 4 ]]; then
    echo 'I’m sorry, `getopt --test` failed in this environment.'
    exit 1
fi

# option --output/-o requires 1 argument
LONGOPTS=debug,force,output:,verbose
OPTIONS=dfo:v

# -regarding ! and PIPESTATUS see above
# -temporarily store output to be able to check for errors
# -activate quoting/enhanced mode (e.g. by writing out “--options”)
# -pass arguments only via   -- "$@"   to separate them correctly
! PARSED=$(getopt --options=$OPTIONS --longoptions=$LONGOPTS --name "$0" -- "$@")
if [[ ${PIPESTATUS[0]} -ne 0 ]]; then
    # e.g. return value is 1
    #  then getopt has complained about wrong arguments to stdout
    exit 2
fi
# read getopt’s output this way to handle the quoting right:
eval set -- "$PARSED"

d=n f=n v=n outFile=-
# now enjoy the options in order and nicely split until we see --
while true; do
    case "$1" in
        -d|--debug)
            d=y
            shift
            ;;
        -f|--force)
            f=y
            shift
            ;;
        -v|--verbose)
            v=y
            shift
            ;;
        -o|--output)
            outFile="$2"
            shift 2
            ;;
        --)
            shift
            break
            ;;
        *)
            echo "Programming error"
            exit 3
            ;;
    esac
done

# handle non-option arguments
if [[ $# -ne 1 ]]; then
    echo "$0: A single input file is required."
    exit 4
fi

echo "verbose: $v, force: $f, debug: $d, in: $1, out: $outFile"

---

1增强的getopt可用于大多数“bash系统”，包括Cygwin；在OS X上，尝试brew安装gnu getopt或sudo端口安装getopt2 POSIX exec（）约定没有可靠的方法在命令行参数中传递二进制NULL；这些字节过早地结束了参数3 1997年或之前发布的第一个版本（我只追溯到1997年）

根据这里的其他答案，这是我的版本：

#!/bin/bash
set -e

function parse() {
    for arg in "$@"; do # transform long options to short ones
        shift
        case "$arg" in
            "--name") set -- "$@" "-n" ;;
            "--verbose") set -- "$@" "-v" ;;
            *) set -- "$@" "$arg"
        esac
    done

    while getopts "n:v" optname  # left to ":" are flags that expect a value, right to the ":" are flags that expect nothing
    do
        case "$optname" in
            "n") name=${OPTARG} ;;
            "v") verbose=true ;;
        esac
    done
    shift "$((OPTIND-1))" # shift out all the already processed options
}


parse "$@"
echo "hello $name"
if [ ! -z $verbose ]; then echo 'nice to meet you!'; fi

用法：

$ ./parse.sh
hello
$ ./parse.sh -n YOUR_NAME
hello YOUR_NAME
$ ./parse.sh -n YOUR_NAME -v
hello YOUR_NAME
nice to meet you!
$ ./parse.sh -v -n YOUR_NAME
hello YOUR_NAME
nice to meet you!
$ ./parse.sh -v
hello 
nice to meet you!