类的成员默认为private, struct的成员默认为public。

例如，程序1编译失败，程序2运行正常。

// Program 1
#include <stdio.h>
 
class Test {
    int x; // x is private
};

int main()
{
  Test t;
  t.x = 20; // compiler error because x is private
  getchar();
  return 0;
}

// Program 2
#include <stdio.h>
 
struct Test {
    int x; // x is public
};

int main()
{
  Test t;
  t.x = 20; // works fine because x is public
  getchar();
  return 0;
}

从类/结构派生结构时，基类/结构的默认访问说明符为public。派生类时，默认访问说明符为private。

例如，程序3编译失败，程序4工作正常。

// Program 3
#include <stdio.h>
 
class Base {
public:
    int x;
};
 
class Derived : Base { }; // is equivalent to class Derived : private Base {}
 
int main()
{
  Derived d;
  d.x = 20; // compiler error because inheritance is private
  getchar();
  return 0;
}

// Program 4
#include <stdio.h>
 
class Base {
public:
    int x;
};
 
struct Derived : Base { }; // is equivalent to struct Derived : public Base {}
 
int main()
{
  Derived d;
  d.x = 20; // works fine because inheritance is public
  getchar();
  return 0;
}

综上所述，我们可以得出结论，概念Class比“Structures”更适合代表现实世界中的对象。很大程度上是因为在课堂上使用的面向对象的概念在解释现实场景时非常实用，因此更容易将它们合并到现实中。例如，对于结构体，默认继承是公共的，但如果我们将此规则应用于现实世界，那就太荒谬了。但在类中，默认继承是私有的，这更现实。

无论如何，我需要证明的是类是一个更广泛的，现实世界适用的概念，而结构是一个原始的概念，具有糟糕的内部组织(即使结构遵循面向对象的概念，他们有一个糟糕的含义)

引用c++ FAQ，

[7.8] What's the difference between the keywords struct and class? The members and base classes of a struct are public by default, while in class, they default to private. Note: you should make your base classes explicitly public, private, or protected, rather than relying on the defaults. Struct and class are otherwise functionally equivalent. OK, enough of that squeaky clean techno talk. Emotionally, most developers make a strong distinction between a class and a struct. A struct simply feels like an open pile of bits with very little in the way of encapsulation or functionality. A class feels like a living and responsible member of society with intelligent services, a strong encapsulation barrier, and a well defined interface. Since that's the connotation most people already have, you should probably use the struct keyword if you have a class that has very few methods and has public data (such things do exist in well designed systems!), but otherwise you should probably use the class keyword.

结构和类之间有3个基本区别

第1 -内存是为堆栈内存中的结构保留的(这接近于编程语言)，无论堆栈内存中的类是仅为引用保留的，实际内存是在堆内存中保留的。

默认情况下，结构对待公共类是否对待私有类。

第三，不能在结构中重用代码，但在类中我们可以多次重用相同的代码，称为继承

oops中structure和class关键字的主要区别在于，structure中没有public和private成员声明。数据成员和成员函数可以定义为public、private和protected。

唯一的其他区别是类和结构的默认继承，不出意外，它们分别是私有和公共的。