之所以选择“流”这个词，是因为它(在现实生活中)与我们使用它时想要传达的意思非常相似。

Start thinking about the analogy to a water stream. You receive a continuous flow of data, just like water continuously flows in a river. You don't necessarily know where the data is coming from, and most often you don't need to; be it from a file, a socket, or any other source, it doesn't (shouldn't) really matter. This is very similar to receiving a stream of water, whereby you don't need to know where it is coming from; be it from a lake, a fountain, or any other source, it doesn't (shouldn't) really matter. source

我认为您需要考虑后备存储本身通常只是另一种抽象。内存流很容易理解，但是文件完全不同，这取决于您使用的文件系统，而不考虑您使用的是什么硬盘驱动器。事实上，并不是所有的流都位于备份存储的顶部:网络流基本上就是流。

流的意义在于我们将注意力限制在重要的事情上。通过标准抽象，我们可以执行公共操作。例如，即使您今天不想在文件或HTTP响应中搜索url，也不意味着您明天就不想这样做了。

Streams were originally conceived when memory was tiny compared to storage. Just reading a C file could be a significant load. Minimizing the memory footprint was extremely important. Hence, an abstraction in which very little needed to be loaded was very useful. Today, it is equally useful when performing network communication and, it turns out, rarely that restrictive when we deal with files. The ability to transparently add things like buffering in a general fashion makes it even more useful.

流是一种抽象，它提供了一组用于与数据交互的标准方法和属性。通过从实际的存储介质中抽象出来，可以编写代码而不完全依赖于该介质是什么，甚至不依赖于该介质的实现。

一个很好的类比可能是考虑一个袋子。你不在乎一个包是什么做的，也不在乎当你把东西放进去的时候它能做什么，只要这个包能发挥它的功能，你就能把东西拿出来。流为存储介质定义了袋的概念，就像袋的概念为袋的不同实例(如垃圾袋、手提包、背包等)定义的那样——交互规则。

为了增加回声室，流是一个抽象，所以您不关心底层存储。当您考虑有和没有流的场景时，这是最有意义的。

文件在很大程度上是无趣的，因为除了我熟悉的非基于流的方法之外，流并没有做太多事情。让我们从网络文件开始。

如果我想从互联网上下载一个文件，我必须打开一个TCP套接字，建立一个连接，并接收字节，直到没有更多的字节。我必须管理一个缓冲区，知道预期文件的大小，并编写代码来检测连接何时断开并适当地处理这个问题。

假设我有某种TcpDataStream对象。我用适当的连接信息创建它，然后从流中读取字节，直到它说没有任何字节。流处理缓冲区管理、数据结束条件和连接管理。

通过这种方式，流使I/O更容易。当然，您可以编写一个TcpFileDownloader类来完成流所做的工作，但是这样您就有了一个特定于TCP的类。大多数流接口只提供Read()和Write()方法，任何更复杂的概念都由内部实现处理。因此，您可以使用相同的基本代码来读写内存、磁盘文件、套接字和许多其他数据存储。

另一点(对于读取文件的情况):

流可以允许您在完成读取文件的所有内容之前执行其他操作。 可以节省内存，因为不需要一次加载所有文件内容。

之所以选择“流”这个词，是因为它(在现实生活中)与我们使用它时想要传达的意思非常相似。

Start thinking about the analogy to a water stream. You receive a continuous flow of data, just like water continuously flows in a river. You don't necessarily know where the data is coming from, and most often you don't need to; be it from a file, a socket, or any other source, it doesn't (shouldn't) really matter. This is very similar to receiving a stream of water, whereby you don't need to know where it is coming from; be it from a lake, a fountain, or any other source, it doesn't (shouldn't) really matter. source