这是我为logback所做的。

我创建了一个TestAppender类:

public class TestAppender extends AppenderBase<ILoggingEvent> {

    private Stack<ILoggingEvent> events = new Stack<ILoggingEvent>();

    @Override
    protected void append(ILoggingEvent event) {
        events.add(event);
    }

    public void clear() {
        events.clear();
    }

    public ILoggingEvent getLastEvent() {
        return events.pop();
    }
}

然后在我的testng单元测试类的父类中创建了一个方法:

protected TestAppender testAppender;

@BeforeClass
public void setupLogsForTesting() {
    Logger root = (Logger)LoggerFactory.getLogger(Logger.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME);
    testAppender = (TestAppender)root.getAppender("TEST");
    if (testAppender != null) {
        testAppender.clear();
    }
}

我在src/test/resources中定义了一个logback-test.xml文件，并添加了一个测试appender:

<appender name="TEST" class="com.intuit.icn.TestAppender">
    <encoder>
        <pattern>%m%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
</appender>

并将这个appender添加到根appender:

<root>
    <level value="error" />
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    <appender-ref ref="TEST" />
</root>

现在，在从父测试类扩展而来的测试类中，我可以获得appender并记录最后一条消息，并验证消息、级别和throwable。

ILoggingEvent lastEvent = testAppender.getLastEvent();
assertEquals(lastEvent.getMessage(), "...");
assertEquals(lastEvent.getLevel(), Level.WARN);
assertEquals(lastEvent.getThrowableProxy().getMessage(), "...");

另一个值得提及的想法是创建一个CDI生成器来注入记录器，这样模拟就变得容易了，尽管这是一个较老的主题。(而且它还提供了不必再声明“整个logger语句”的优势，但这已经跑题了)

例子:

创建要注入的记录器:

public class CdiResources {
  @Produces @LoggerType
  public Logger createLogger(final InjectionPoint ip) {
      return Logger.getLogger(ip.getMember().getDeclaringClass());
  }
}

限定符:

@Qualifier
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({TYPE, METHOD, FIELD, PARAMETER})
public @interface LoggerType {
}

在生产代码中使用记录器:

public class ProductionCode {
    @Inject
    @LoggerType
    private Logger logger;

    public void logSomething() {
        logger.info("something");
    }
}

在测试代码中测试记录器(给出一个easyMock示例):

@TestSubject
private ProductionCode productionCode = new ProductionCode();

@Mock
private Logger logger;

@Test
public void testTheLogger() {
   logger.info("something");
   replayAll();
   productionCode.logSomething();
}

对于log4j2，解决方案略有不同，因为AppenderSkeleton不再可用。此外，使用Mockito或类似的库来创建带有ArgumentCaptor的Appender将无法工作，因为MutableLogEvent在多个日志消息上被重用。我为log4j2找到的最佳解决方案是:

import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.AbstractAppender;

private static MockedAppender mockedAppender;
private static Logger logger;

@Before
public void setup() {
    mockedAppender.message.clear();
}

/**
 * For some reason mvn test will not work if this is @Before, but in eclipse it works! As a
 * result, we use @BeforeClass.
 */
@BeforeClass
public static void setupClass() {
    mockedAppender = new MockedAppender();
    logger = (Logger)LogManager.getLogger(MatchingMetricsLogger.class);
    logger.addAppender(mockedAppender);
    logger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
}

@AfterClass
public static void teardown() {
    logger.removeAppender(mockedAppender);
}

@Test
public void test() {
    // do something that causes logs
    for (String e : mockedAppender.message) {
        // add asserts for the log messages
    }
}

private static class MockedAppender extends AbstractAppender {

    List<String> message = new ArrayList<>();

    protected MockedAppender() {
        super("MockedAppender", null, null);
    }

    @Override
    public void append(LogEvent event) {
        message.add(event.getMessage().getFormattedMessage());
    }
}

在这里，模拟是一个选项，尽管这很困难，因为记录器通常是私有的静态final -所以设置模拟记录器不是小意思，或者需要修改被测试的类。

你可以创建一个自定义的Appender(或者其他什么名字)，然后注册它——要么通过一个只测试的配置文件，要么通过运行时(在某种程度上，依赖于日志框架)。 然后，您可以获得该appender(如果在配置文件中声明，可以是静态的，如果在运行时插入它，则可以通过它的当前引用)，并验证其内容。

对于我来说，您可以通过使用JUnit和Mockito来简化您的测试。 我提出以下解决方案:

import org.apache.log4j.Appender;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
import org.mockito.Captor;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;

import java.util.List;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.tuple;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MyLogTest {
    private static final String FIRST_MESSAGE = "First message";
    private static final String SECOND_MESSAGE = "Second message";
    @Mock private Appender appender;
    @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<LoggingEvent> captor;
    @InjectMocks private MyLog;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        LogManager.getRootLogger().addAppender(appender);
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() {
        LogManager.getRootLogger().removeAppender(appender);
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldLogExactlyTwoMessages() {
        testedClass.foo();

        then(appender).should(times(2)).doAppend(captor.capture());
        List<LoggingEvent> loggingEvents = captor.getAllValues();
        assertThat(loggingEvents).extracting("level", "renderedMessage").containsExactly(
                tuple(Level.INFO, FIRST_MESSAGE)
                tuple(Level.INFO, SECOND_MESSAGE)
        );
    }
}

这就是为什么我们对不同消息量的测试有很好的灵活性

I've needed this several times as well. I've put together a small sample below, which you'd want to adjust to your needs. Basically, you create your own Appender and add it to the logger you want. If you'd want to collect everything, the root logger is a good place to start, but you can use a more specific if you'd like. Don't forget to remove the Appender when you're done, otherwise you might create a memory leak. Below I've done it within the test, but setUp or @Before and tearDown or @After might be better places, depending on your needs.

此外，下面的实现将所有内容收集到内存中的List中。如果您记录了很多日志，您可能会考虑添加一个过滤器来删除无聊的条目，或者将日志写入磁盘上的临时文件(提示:LoggingEvent是可序列化的，因此如果您的日志消息是可序列化的，那么您应该能够序列化事件对象)。

import org.apache.log4j.AppenderSkeleton;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void test() {
        final TestAppender appender = new TestAppender();
        final Logger logger = Logger.getRootLogger();
        logger.addAppender(appender);
        try {
            Logger.getLogger(MyTest.class).info("Test");
        }
        finally {
            logger.removeAppender(appender);
        }

        final List<LoggingEvent> log = appender.getLog();
        final LoggingEvent firstLogEntry = log.get(0);
        assertThat(firstLogEntry.getLevel(), is(Level.INFO));
        assertThat((String) firstLogEntry.getMessage(), is("Test"));
        assertThat(firstLogEntry.getLoggerName(), is("MyTest"));
    }
}

class TestAppender extends AppenderSkeleton {
    private final List<LoggingEvent> log = new ArrayList<LoggingEvent>();

    @Override
    public boolean requiresLayout() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    protected void append(final LoggingEvent loggingEvent) {
        log.add(loggingEvent);
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
    }

    public List<LoggingEvent> getLog() {
        return new ArrayList<LoggingEvent>(log);
    }
}