当使用sqlalchemy连接到db I时，这是一个高度可配置的简单解决方案。使用熊猫。

import pandas as pd
import sqlalchemy

#sqlalchemy engine configuration
engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine....

def my_function():
  #read in from sql directly into a pandas dataframe
  #check the pandas documentation for additional config options
  sql_DF = pd.read_sql_table("table_name", con=engine)

  # "orient" is optional here but allows you to specify the json formatting you require
  sql_json = sql_DF.to_json(orient="index")

  return sql_json

内置序列化器因utf-8而阻塞，无法解码某些输入的无效开始字节。相反，我的答案是:

def row_to_dict(row):
    temp = row.__dict__
    temp.pop('_sa_instance_state', None)
    return temp


def rows_to_list(rows):
    ret_rows = []
    for row in rows:
        ret_rows.append(row_to_dict(row))
    return ret_rows


@website_blueprint.route('/api/v1/some/endpoint', methods=['GET'])
def some_api():
    '''
    /some_endpoint
    '''
    rows = rows_to_list(SomeModel.query.all())
    response = app.response_class(
        response=jsonplus.dumps(rows),
        status=200,
        mimetype='application/json'
    )
    return response

这是一个JSONEncoder版本，它保留了模型列的顺序，只保留递归定义的列和关系字段。它还格式化了大多数不可序列化的JSON类型:

import json
from datetime import datetime
from decimal import Decimal

import arrow
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta

class SQLAlchemyJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    """
    SQLAlchemy ORM JSON Encoder
    If you have a "backref" relationship defined in your SQLAlchemy model,
    this encoder raises a ValueError to stop an infinite loop.
    """

    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj, datetime):
            return arrow.get(obj).isoformat()
        elif isinstance(obj, Decimal):
            return float(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj, set):
            return sorted(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
            for attribute, relationship in obj.__mapper__.relationships.items():
                if isinstance(relationship.__getattribute__("backref"), tuple):
                    raise ValueError(
                        f'{obj.__class__} object has a "backref" relationship '
                        "that would cause an infinite loop!"
                    )
            dictionary = {}
            column_names = [column.name for column in obj.__table__.columns]
            for key in column_names:
                value = obj.__getattribute__(key)
                if isinstance(value, datetime):
                    value = arrow.get(value).isoformat()
                elif isinstance(value, Decimal):
                    value = float(value)
                elif isinstance(value, set):
                    value = sorted(value)
                dictionary[key] = value
            for key in [
                attribute
                for attribute in dir(obj)
                if not attribute.startswith("_")
                and attribute != "metadata"
                and attribute not in column_names
            ]:
                value = obj.__getattribute__(key)
                dictionary[key] = value
            return dictionary

        return super().default(obj)

也许你可以使用这样的类

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declared_attr
from sqlalchemy import Table


class Custom:
    """Some custom logic here!"""

    __table__: Table  # def for mypy

    @declared_attr
    def __tablename__(cls):  # pylint: disable=no-self-argument
        return cls.__name__  # pylint: disable= no-member

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Serializes only column data."""
        return {c.name: getattr(self, c.name) for c in self.__table__.columns}

Base = declarative_base(cls=Custom)

class MyOwnTable(Base):
    #COLUMNS!

所有对象都有to_dict方法

你可以像这样使用SqlAlchemy的自省:

mysql = SQLAlchemy()
from sqlalchemy import inspect

class Contacts(mysql.Model):  
    __tablename__ = 'CONTACTS'
    id = mysql.Column(mysql.Integer, primary_key=True)
    first_name = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    last_name = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    phone = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    email = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    street = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    zip_code = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    city = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    def toDict(self):
        return { c.key: getattr(self, c.key) for c in inspect(self).mapper.column_attrs }

@app.route('/contacts',methods=['GET'])
def getContacts():
    contacts = Contacts.query.all()
    contactsArr = []
    for contact in contacts:
        contactsArr.append(contact.toDict()) 
    return jsonify(contactsArr)

@app.route('/contacts/<int:id>',methods=['GET'])
def getContact(id):
    contact = Contacts.query.get(id)
    return jsonify(contact.toDict())

从下面的答案中得到启发: 将sqlalchemy行对象转换为python dict

Python 3.7+将于2023年发布

您可以将数据类装饰器添加到您的模型中，并定义一个自定义JSON序列化器，然后是JSON。转储将工作(通过向cls提供自定义编码器)。在下面的例子中，db_row是DB类的一个实例:

json.dumps(db_row, cls=models.CustomJSONEncoder)

{"id": 25, "name": "A component", "author": "Bob", "modified": "2023-02-08T11:49:15.675837"}

可以很容易地修改定制JSON序列化器，使其与任何原生JSON不可序列化的类型兼容。

models.py

from datetime import datetime
import dataclasses
import json
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, DateTime
from database import Base


@dataclasses.dataclass # <<-- add this decorator 
class DB(Base):
    """Model used for SQLite database entries."""

    __tablename__ = "components"

    id: int = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
    name: str = Column(String)
    author: str = Column(String)
    modified: datetime = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), default=datetime.utcnow)


class CustomJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder): # <<-- Add this custom encoder 
    """Custom JSON encoder for the DB class."""

    def default(self, o):
        if dataclasses.is_dataclass(o): # this serializes anything dataclass can handle  
            return dataclasses.asdict(o)
        if isinstance(o, datetime): # this adds support for datetime
            return o.isoformat()
        return super().default(o)

为了进一步扩展它，使它适用于你在数据库中可能使用的任何不可序列化的类型，在自定义编码器类中添加另一条if语句，返回一些可序列化的东西(例如str)。