使用flatMap的功能回答:

const getPermutationsFor = (arr, permutation = []) =>
  arr.length === 0
    ? [permutation]
    : arr.flatMap((item, i, arr) =>
        getPermutationsFor(
          arr.filter((_,j) => j !== i),
          [...permutation, item]
        )
      );

大多数其他答案没有利用新的javascript生成器函数，这是一个完美的解决这类问题。在内存中，一次可能只需要一个排列。此外，我更喜欢生成一系列索引的排列，因为这允许我对每个排列进行索引，并直接跳转到任何特定的排列，以及用于排列任何其他集合。

// ES6 generator version of python itertools [permutations and combinations] const range = function*(l) { for (let i = 0; i < l; i+=1) yield i; } const isEmpty = arr => arr.length === 0; const permutations = function*(a) { const r = arguments[1] || []; if (isEmpty(a)) yield r; for (let i of range(a.length)) { const aa = [...a]; const rr = [...r, ...aa.splice(i, 1)]; yield* permutations(aa, rr); } } console.log('permutations of ABC'); console.log(JSON.stringify([...permutations([...'ABC'])])); const combinations = function*(a, count) { const r = arguments[2] || []; if (count) { count = count - 1; for (let i of range(a.length - count)) { const aa = a.slice(i); const rr = [...r, ...aa.splice(0, 1)]; yield* combinations(aa, count, rr); } } else { yield r; } } console.log('combinations of 2 of ABC'); console.log(JSON.stringify([...combinations([...'ABC'], 2)])); const permutator = function() { const range = function*(args) { let {begin = 0, count} = args; for (let i = begin; count; count--, i+=1) { yield i; } } const factorial = fact => fact ? fact * factorial(fact - 1) : 1; return { perm: function(n, permutationId) { const indexCount = factorial(n); permutationId = ((permutationId%indexCount)+indexCount)%indexCount; let permutation = [0]; for (const choiceCount of range({begin: 2, count: n-1})) { const choice = permutationId % choiceCount; const lastIndex = permutation.length; permutation.push(choice); permutation = permutation.map((cv, i, orig) => (cv < choice || i == lastIndex) ? cv : cv + 1 ); permutationId = Math.floor(permutationId / choiceCount); } return permutation.reverse(); }, perms: function*(n) { for (let i of range({count: factorial(n)})) { yield this.perm(n, i); } } }; }(); console.log('indexing type permutator'); let i = 0; for (let elem of permutator.perms(3)) { console.log(`${i}: ${elem}`); i+=1; } console.log(); console.log(`3: ${permutator.perm(3,3)}`);

  let permutations = []

  permutate([], {
    color: ['red', 'green'],
    size: ['big', 'small', 'medium'],
    type: ['saison', 'oldtimer']
  })

  function permutate (currentVals, remainingAttrs) {
    remainingAttrs[Object.keys(remainingAttrs)[0]].forEach(attrVal => {
      let currentValsNew = currentVals.slice(0)
      currentValsNew.push(attrVal)

      if (Object.keys(remainingAttrs).length > 1) {
        let remainingAttrsNew = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(remainingAttrs))
        delete remainingAttrsNew[Object.keys(remainingAttrs)[0]]

        permutate(currentValsNew, remainingAttrsNew)
      } else {
        permutations.push(currentValsNew)
      }
    })
  }

结果:

[ 
  [ 'red', 'big', 'saison' ],
  [ 'red', 'big', 'oldtimer' ],
  [ 'red', 'small', 'saison' ],
  [ 'red', 'small', 'oldtimer' ],
  [ 'red', 'medium', 'saison' ],
  [ 'red', 'medium', 'oldtimer' ],
  [ 'green', 'big', 'saison' ],
  [ 'green', 'big', 'oldtimer' ],
  [ 'green', 'small', 'saison' ],
  [ 'green', 'small', 'oldtimer' ],
  [ 'green', 'medium', 'saison' ],
  [ 'green', 'medium', 'oldtimer' ] 
]

const removeItem = (arr, i) => {
  return arr.slice(0, i).concat(arr.slice(i+1));
}

const makePermutations = (strArr) => {
  const doPermutation = (strArr, pairArr) => {
    return strArr.reduce((result, permutItem, i) => {
      const currentPair = removeItem(pairArr, i);
      const tempResult = currentPair.map((item) => permutItem+item);
      return tempResult.length === 1 ? result.concat(tempResult) :
             result.concat(doPermutation(tempResult, currentPair));
    }, []);
  }
  return strArr.length === 1 ? strArr :
         doPermutation(strArr, strArr);
}


makePermutations(["a", "b", "c", "d"]);
//result: ["abcd", "abdc", "acbd", "acdb", "adbc", "adcb", "bacd", "badc", "bcad", "bcda", "bdac", "bdca", "cabd", "cadb", "cbad", "cbda", "cdab", "cdba", "dabc", "dacb", "dbac", "dbca", "dcab", "dcba"]

对这个问题的大多数回答都使用昂贵的操作，如连续插入和删除数组中的项，或重复复制数组。

相反，这是典型的回溯解决方案:

function permute(arr) {
  var results = [],
      l = arr.length,
      used = Array(l), // Array of bools. Keeps track of used items
      data = Array(l); // Stores items of the current permutation
  (function backtracking(pos) {
    if(pos == l) return results.push(data.slice());
    for(var i=0; i<l; ++i) if(!used[i]) { // Iterate unused items
      used[i] = true;      // Mark item as used
      data[pos] = arr[i];  // Assign item at the current position
      backtracking(pos+1); // Recursive call
      used[i] = false;     // Mark item as not used
    }
  })(0);
  return results;
}

permute([1,2,3,4]); // [  [1,2,3,4], [1,2,4,3], /* ... , */ [4,3,2,1]  ]

由于结果数组将非常大，因此逐个迭代结果而不是同时分配所有数据可能是一个好主意。在ES6中，这可以通过生成器来完成:

function permute(arr) {
  var l = arr.length,
      used = Array(l),
      data = Array(l);
  return function* backtracking(pos) {
    if(pos == l) yield data.slice();
    else for(var i=0; i<l; ++i) if(!used[i]) {
      used[i] = true;
      data[pos] = arr[i];
      yield* backtracking(pos+1);
      used[i] = false;
    }
  }(0);
}

var p = permute([1,2,3,4]);
p.next(); // {value: [1,2,3,4], done: false}
p.next(); // {value: [1,2,4,3], done: false}
// ...
p.next(); // {value: [4,3,2,1], done: false}
p.next(); // {value: undefined, done: true}

我尝试着做一个简洁而可读的版本，并且是纯函数式编程。

function stringPermutations ([...input]) {
  if (input.length === 1) return input;

  return input
    .map((thisChar, index) => {
      const remainingChars = [...input.slice(0, index), ...input.slice(index + 1)];
      return stringPermutations(remainingChars)
        .map(remainder => thisChar + remainder);
    })
    .reduce((acc, cur) => [...acc, ...cur]);
}

注意，参数格式化将输入字符串转换为数组。不知道这是不是有点太神奇了。我不确定在野外见过。为了真正的可读性，我可能会用input =[…]输入]作为函数的第一行。