我如何确定两条直线是否相交，如果相交，在x,y点处?
当前回答
C和Objective-C
基于Gareth Rees的回答
const AGKLine AGKLineZero = (AGKLine){(CGPoint){0.0, 0.0}, (CGPoint){0.0, 0.0}};
AGKLine AGKLineMake(CGPoint start, CGPoint end)
{
return (AGKLine){start, end};
}
double AGKLineLength(AGKLine l)
{
return CGPointLengthBetween_AGK(l.start, l.end);
}
BOOL AGKLineIntersection(AGKLine l1, AGKLine l2, CGPoint *out_pointOfIntersection)
{
// http://stackoverflow.com/a/565282/202451
CGPoint p = l1.start;
CGPoint q = l2.start;
CGPoint r = CGPointSubtract_AGK(l1.end, l1.start);
CGPoint s = CGPointSubtract_AGK(l2.end, l2.start);
double s_r_crossProduct = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(r, s);
double t = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPointSubtract_AGK(q, p), s) / s_r_crossProduct;
double u = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPointSubtract_AGK(q, p), r) / s_r_crossProduct;
if(t < 0 || t > 1.0 || u < 0 || u > 1.0)
{
if(out_pointOfIntersection != NULL)
{
*out_pointOfIntersection = CGPointZero;
}
return NO;
}
else
{
if(out_pointOfIntersection != NULL)
{
CGPoint i = CGPointAdd_AGK(p, CGPointMultiply_AGK(r, t));
*out_pointOfIntersection = i;
}
return YES;
}
}
CGFloat CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPoint v1, CGPoint v2)
{
return v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x;
}
CGPoint CGPointSubtract_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGPoint p2)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x - p2.x, p1.y - p2.y};
}
CGPoint CGPointAdd_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGPoint p2)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x + p2.x, p1.y + p2.y};
}
CGFloat CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPoint v1, CGPoint v2)
{
return v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x;
}
CGPoint CGPointMultiply_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGFloat factor)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x * factor, p1.y * factor};
}
许多函数和结构都是私有的，但是你应该很容易就能知道发生了什么。 这是公开的在这个回购https://github.com/hfossli/AGGeometryKit/
其他回答
问题C:如何检测两条线段是否相交?
我也搜索过同样的话题，但我对答案并不满意。所以我写了一篇文章，非常详细地解释了如何检查两条线段是否与大量图像相交。这是完整的(并经过测试的)java代码。
以下是这篇文章，截取了最重要的部分:
检查线段a是否与线段b相交的算法如下所示:
什么是边界框?下面是两个线段的边界框:
如果两个边界框都有交点，则移动线段a，使其中一点在(0|0)处。现在你有了一条经过a定义的原点的直线，现在以同样的方式移动线段b，检查线段b的新点是否在直线a的不同两侧。如果是这样，则反过来检查。如果也是这样，线段相交。如果不相交，它们就不相交。
问题A:两条线段在哪里相交?
你知道两条线段a和b相交。如果你不知道，用我在C题中给你的工具检查一下。
现在你可以通过一些情况，并得到解决与七年级数学(见代码和交互示例)。
问题B:你如何检测两条线是否相交?
假设点A = (x1, y1)点B = (x2, y2) C = (x_3, y_3) D = (x_4, y_4) 第一行由AB定义(A != B)，第二行由CD定义(C != D)。
function doLinesIntersect(AB, CD) {
if (x1 == x2) {
return !(x3 == x4 && x1 != x3);
} else if (x3 == x4) {
return true;
} else {
// Both lines are not parallel to the y-axis
m1 = (y1-y2)/(x1-x2);
m2 = (y3-y4)/(x3-x4);
return m1 != m2;
}
}
问题D:两条直线在哪里相交?
检查问题B，它们是否相交。
直线a和b由每条直线上的两个点定义。 你基本上可以用和问题A相同的逻辑。
C和Objective-C
基于Gareth Rees的回答
const AGKLine AGKLineZero = (AGKLine){(CGPoint){0.0, 0.0}, (CGPoint){0.0, 0.0}};
AGKLine AGKLineMake(CGPoint start, CGPoint end)
{
return (AGKLine){start, end};
}
double AGKLineLength(AGKLine l)
{
return CGPointLengthBetween_AGK(l.start, l.end);
}
BOOL AGKLineIntersection(AGKLine l1, AGKLine l2, CGPoint *out_pointOfIntersection)
{
// http://stackoverflow.com/a/565282/202451
CGPoint p = l1.start;
CGPoint q = l2.start;
CGPoint r = CGPointSubtract_AGK(l1.end, l1.start);
CGPoint s = CGPointSubtract_AGK(l2.end, l2.start);
double s_r_crossProduct = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(r, s);
double t = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPointSubtract_AGK(q, p), s) / s_r_crossProduct;
double u = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPointSubtract_AGK(q, p), r) / s_r_crossProduct;
if(t < 0 || t > 1.0 || u < 0 || u > 1.0)
{
if(out_pointOfIntersection != NULL)
{
*out_pointOfIntersection = CGPointZero;
}
return NO;
}
else
{
if(out_pointOfIntersection != NULL)
{
CGPoint i = CGPointAdd_AGK(p, CGPointMultiply_AGK(r, t));
*out_pointOfIntersection = i;
}
return YES;
}
}
CGFloat CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPoint v1, CGPoint v2)
{
return v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x;
}
CGPoint CGPointSubtract_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGPoint p2)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x - p2.x, p1.y - p2.y};
}
CGPoint CGPointAdd_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGPoint p2)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x + p2.x, p1.y + p2.y};
}
CGFloat CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPoint v1, CGPoint v2)
{
return v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x;
}
CGPoint CGPointMultiply_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGFloat factor)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x * factor, p1.y * factor};
}
许多函数和结构都是私有的，但是你应该很容易就能知道发生了什么。 这是公开的在这个回购https://github.com/hfossli/AGGeometryKit/
人们似乎对Gavin的答案很感兴趣，cortijon在评论中提出了一个javascript版本，iMalc提供了一个计算量略少的版本。一些人指出了各种代码建议的缺点，另一些人则评论了一些代码建议的效率。
iMalc通过Gavin的答案提供的算法是我目前在一个javascript项目中使用的算法，我只是想在这里提供一个清理过的版本，如果它可以帮助到任何人的话。
// Some variables for reuse, others may do this differently
var p0x, p1x, p2x, p3x, ix,
p0y, p1y, p2y, p3y, iy,
collisionDetected;
// do stuff, call other functions, set endpoints...
// note: for my purpose I use |t| < |d| as opposed to
// |t| <= |d| which is equivalent to 0 <= t < 1 rather than
// 0 <= t <= 1 as in Gavin's answer - results may vary
var lineSegmentIntersection = function(){
var d, dx1, dx2, dx3, dy1, dy2, dy3, s, t;
dx1 = p1x - p0x; dy1 = p1y - p0y;
dx2 = p3x - p2x; dy2 = p3y - p2y;
dx3 = p0x - p2x; dy3 = p0y - p2y;
collisionDetected = 0;
d = dx1 * dy2 - dx2 * dy1;
if(d !== 0){
s = dx1 * dy3 - dx3 * dy1;
if((s <= 0 && d < 0 && s >= d) || (s >= 0 && d > 0 && s <= d)){
t = dx2 * dy3 - dx3 * dy2;
if((t <= 0 && d < 0 && t > d) || (t >= 0 && d > 0 && t < d)){
t = t / d;
collisionDetected = 1;
ix = p0x + t * dx1;
iy = p0y + t * dy1;
}
}
}
};
找到两条线段的正确交点是一项具有大量边缘情况的非简单任务。下面是一个用Java编写的、有效的、经过测试的解决方案。
本质上，在求两条线段的交点时，有三种情况会发生:
线段不相交 有一个唯一的交点 交点是另一段
注意:在代码中，我假设x1 = x2和y1 = y2的线段(x1, y1)， (x2, y2)是有效的线段。从数学上讲，线段由不同的点组成，但为了完整起见，我在这个实现中允许线段作为点。
代码是从我的github回购
/**
* This snippet finds the intersection of two line segments.
* The intersection may either be empty, a single point or the
* intersection is a subsegment there's an overlap.
*/
import static java.lang.Math.abs;
import static java.lang.Math.max;
import static java.lang.Math.min;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class LineSegmentLineSegmentIntersection {
// Small epsilon used for double value comparison.
private static final double EPS = 1e-5;
// 2D Point class.
public static class Pt {
double x, y;
public Pt(double x, double y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
public boolean equals(Pt pt) {
return abs(x - pt.x) < EPS && abs(y - pt.y) < EPS;
}
}
// Finds the orientation of point 'c' relative to the line segment (a, b)
// Returns 0 if all three points are collinear.
// Returns -1 if 'c' is clockwise to segment (a, b), i.e right of line formed by the segment.
// Returns +1 if 'c' is counter clockwise to segment (a, b), i.e left of line
// formed by the segment.
public static int orientation(Pt a, Pt b, Pt c) {
double value = (b.y - a.y) * (c.x - b.x) -
(b.x - a.x) * (c.y - b.y);
if (abs(value) < EPS) return 0;
return (value > 0) ? -1 : +1;
}
// Tests whether point 'c' is on the line segment (a, b).
// Ensure first that point c is collinear to segment (a, b) and
// then check whether c is within the rectangle formed by (a, b)
public static boolean pointOnLine(Pt a, Pt b, Pt c) {
return orientation(a, b, c) == 0 &&
min(a.x, b.x) <= c.x && c.x <= max(a.x, b.x) &&
min(a.y, b.y) <= c.y && c.y <= max(a.y, b.y);
}
// Determines whether two segments intersect.
public static boolean segmentsIntersect(Pt p1, Pt p2, Pt p3, Pt p4) {
// Get the orientation of points p3 and p4 in relation
// to the line segment (p1, p2)
int o1 = orientation(p1, p2, p3);
int o2 = orientation(p1, p2, p4);
int o3 = orientation(p3, p4, p1);
int o4 = orientation(p3, p4, p2);
// If the points p1, p2 are on opposite sides of the infinite
// line formed by (p3, p4) and conversly p3, p4 are on opposite
// sides of the infinite line formed by (p1, p2) then there is
// an intersection.
if (o1 != o2 && o3 != o4) return true;
// Collinear special cases (perhaps these if checks can be simplified?)
if (o1 == 0 && pointOnLine(p1, p2, p3)) return true;
if (o2 == 0 && pointOnLine(p1, p2, p4)) return true;
if (o3 == 0 && pointOnLine(p3, p4, p1)) return true;
if (o4 == 0 && pointOnLine(p3, p4, p2)) return true;
return false;
}
public static List<Pt> getCommonEndpoints(Pt p1, Pt p2, Pt p3, Pt p4) {
List<Pt> points = new ArrayList<>();
if (p1.equals(p3)) {
points.add(p1);
if (p2.equals(p4)) points.add(p2);
} else if (p1.equals(p4)) {
points.add(p1);
if (p2.equals(p3)) points.add(p2);
} else if (p2.equals(p3)) {
points.add(p2);
if (p1.equals(p4)) points.add(p1);
} else if (p2.equals(p4)) {
points.add(p2);
if (p1.equals(p3)) points.add(p1);
}
return points;
}
// Finds the intersection point(s) of two line segments. Unlike regular line
// segments, segments which are points (x1 = x2 and y1 = y2) are allowed.
public static Pt[] lineSegmentLineSegmentIntersection(Pt p1, Pt p2, Pt p3, Pt p4) {
// No intersection.
if (!segmentsIntersect(p1, p2, p3, p4)) return new Pt[]{};
// Both segments are a single point.
if (p1.equals(p2) && p2.equals(p3) && p3.equals(p4))
return new Pt[]{p1};
List<Pt> endpoints = getCommonEndpoints(p1, p2, p3, p4);
int n = endpoints.size();
// One of the line segments is an intersecting single point.
// NOTE: checking only n == 1 is insufficient to return early
// because the solution might be a sub segment.
boolean singleton = p1.equals(p2) || p3.equals(p4);
if (n == 1 && singleton) return new Pt[]{endpoints.get(0)};
// Segments are equal.
if (n == 2) return new Pt[]{endpoints.get(0), endpoints.get(1)};
boolean collinearSegments = (orientation(p1, p2, p3) == 0) &&
(orientation(p1, p2, p4) == 0);
// The intersection will be a sub-segment of the two
// segments since they overlap each other.
if (collinearSegments) {
// Segment #2 is enclosed in segment #1
if (pointOnLine(p1, p2, p3) && pointOnLine(p1, p2, p4))
return new Pt[]{p3, p4};
// Segment #1 is enclosed in segment #2
if (pointOnLine(p3, p4, p1) && pointOnLine(p3, p4, p2))
return new Pt[]{p1, p2};
// The subsegment is part of segment #1 and part of segment #2.
// Find the middle points which correspond to this segment.
Pt midPoint1 = pointOnLine(p1, p2, p3) ? p3 : p4;
Pt midPoint2 = pointOnLine(p3, p4, p1) ? p1 : p2;
// There is actually only one middle point!
if (midPoint1.equals(midPoint2)) return new Pt[]{midPoint1};
return new Pt[]{midPoint1, midPoint2};
}
/* Beyond this point there is a unique intersection point. */
// Segment #1 is a vertical line.
if (abs(p1.x - p2.x) < EPS) {
double m = (p4.y - p3.y) / (p4.x - p3.x);
double b = p3.y - m * p3.x;
return new Pt[]{new Pt(p1.x, m * p1.x + b)};
}
// Segment #2 is a vertical line.
if (abs(p3.x - p4.x) < EPS) {
double m = (p2.y - p1.y) / (p2.x - p1.x);
double b = p1.y - m * p1.x;
return new Pt[]{new Pt(p3.x, m * p3.x + b)};
}
double m1 = (p2.y - p1.y) / (p2.x - p1.x);
double m2 = (p4.y - p3.y) / (p4.x - p3.x);
double b1 = p1.y - m1 * p1.x;
double b2 = p3.y - m2 * p3.x;
double x = (b2 - b1) / (m1 - m2);
double y = (m1 * b2 - m2 * b1) / (m1 - m2);
return new Pt[]{new Pt(x, y)};
}
}
下面是一个简单的用法示例:
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Segment #1 is (p1, p2), segment #2 is (p3, p4)
Pt p1, p2, p3, p4;
p1 = new Pt(-2, 4); p2 = new Pt(3, 3);
p3 = new Pt(0, 0); p4 = new Pt(2, 4);
Pt[] points = lineSegmentLineSegmentIntersection(p1, p2, p3, p4);
Pt point = points[0];
// Prints: (1.636, 3.273)
System.out.printf("(%.3f, %.3f)\n", point.x, point.y);
p1 = new Pt(-10, 0); p2 = new Pt(+10, 0);
p3 = new Pt(-5, 0); p4 = new Pt(+5, 0);
points = lineSegmentLineSegmentIntersection(p1, p2, p3, p4);
Pt point1 = points[0], point2 = points[1];
// Prints: (-5.000, 0.000) (5.000, 0.000)
System.out.printf("(%.3f, %.3f) (%.3f, %.3f)\n", point1.x, point1.y, point2.x, point2.y);
}
我从《多视图几何》这本书里读到了这些算法
以下文本使用
'作为转置符号
*作为点积
当用作算子时，X作为叉乘
1. 线的定义
点x_vec = (x, y)'在直线ax + by + c = 0上
标记L = (a, b, c)'，点为(x, y, 1)'为齐次坐标
直线方程可以写成
(x, y, 1)(a, b, c)' = 0或x' * L = 0
2. 直线交点
我们有两条直线L1=(a1, b1, c1)'， L2=(a2, b2, c2)'
假设x是一个点，一个向量，x = L1 x L2 (L1叉乘L2)。
注意，x始终是一个二维点，如果你对(L1xL2)是一个三元素向量，x是一个二维坐标感到困惑，请阅读齐次坐标。
根据三重积，我们知道
L1 * (L1 x L2) = 0, L2 * (L1 x L2) = 0，因为L1,L2共平面
我们用向量x代替L1*x，那么L1*x=0, L2*x=0，这意味着x在L1和L2上，x是交点。
注意，这里x是齐次坐标，如果x的最后一个元素是零，这意味着L1和L2是平行的。
