所以我们在项目中有这个巨大的mainmodule.cpp源文件(11000行很大吗?)，每次我不得不触摸它时，我都会畏缩。
由于这个文件是如此的核心和大，它不断积累越来越多的代码，我想不出一个好方法来让它实际上开始缩小。
该文件在我们产品的几个(> 10)维护版本中被使用和积极更改，因此很难重构它。如果我“简单地”将其拆分为3个文件，那么从维护版本合并回更改将成为一场噩梦。而且，如果您拆分具有如此长而丰富历史的文件，跟踪和检查SCC历史中的旧更改突然变得非常困难。
这个文件基本上包含了我们程序的“主类”(主要的内部工作调度和协调)，所以每次添加一个特性，它也会影响这个文件，每次它的增长。：-(
在这种情况下你会怎么做?关于如何在不打乱SCC工作流程的情况下将新特性移动到单独的源文件中，您有什么想法吗?
(注意:我们使用c++和Visual Studio;我们使用AccuRev作为SCC，但我认为SCC的类型在这里并不重要;我们使用Araxis Merge来做实际的文件比较和合并)
当前回答
这个问题在“有效地使用遗留代码”(http://www.amazon.com/Working-Effectively-Legacy-Michael-Feathers/dp/0131177052)一书的其中一章中得到了解决。
其他回答
Find some code in the file which is relatively stable (not changing fast, and doesn't vary much between branches) and could stand as an independent unit. Move this into its own file, and for that matter into its own class, in all branches. Because it's stable, this won't cause (many) "awkward" merges that have to be applied to a different file from the one they were originally made on, when you merge the change from one branch to another. Repeat. Find some code in the file which basically only applies to a small number of branches, and could stand alone. Doesn't matter whether it's changing fast or not, because of the small number of branches. Move this into its own classes and files. Repeat.
因此，我们去掉了到处都一样的代码，以及特定于某些分支的代码。
This leaves you with a nucleus of badly-managed code - it's needed everywhere, but it's different in every branch (and/or it changes constantly so that some branches are running behind others), and yet it's in a single file that you're unsuccessfully trying to merge between branches. Stop doing that. Branch the file permanently, perhaps by renaming it in each branch. It's not "main" any more, it's "main for configuration X". OK, so you lose the ability to apply the same change to multiple branches by merging, but this is in any case the core of code where merging doesn't work very well. If you're having to manually manage the merges anyway to deal with conflicts, then it's no loss to manually apply them independently on each branch.
我认为你说这种SCC无关紧要是错误的，因为例如git的合并能力可能比你正在使用的合并工具更好。因此，核心问题“合并困难”发生在不同scc的不同时期。但是，您不太可能更改scc，因此这个问题可能无关紧要。
我发现有一件事很有用(我现在正在做，尽管没有达到你所面临的规模)，那就是将方法提取为类(方法对象重构)。不同版本中不同的方法将成为不同的类，这些类可以被注入到公共库中，以提供您所需的不同行为。
我认为在拆分文件时跟踪源文件历史的最简单的方法是这样的:
使用SCM系统提供的任何保存历史的拷贝命令来复制原始源代码。此时您可能需要提交，但还不需要告诉构建系统关于新文件的信息，因此这应该是可以的。 从这些副本中删除代码。这应该不会打破你所保持的历史。
好吧，我理解你的痛苦:)我也参与过一些这样的项目，它并不漂亮。这个问题没有简单的答案。
一种可行的方法是开始在所有函数中添加安全保护，也就是说，检查方法中的参数、前置/后置条件，然后最终添加单元测试，以便捕获源的当前功能。一旦你有了这些，你就可以更好地重构代码，因为如果你忘记了什么，你就会有断言和错误弹出来提醒你。
有时候，重构带来的痛苦可能会大于好处。那么，最好是让原始项目处于伪维护状态，从头开始，然后增量地添加野兽的功能。
我不知道这是否解决了您的问题，但我猜您想要做的是将文件的内容迁移到彼此独立的更小的文件中(合计)。 我还了解到，你有大约10个不同版本的软件，你需要在不搞砸的情况下支持它们。
首先，这是不可能的简单，将解决自己在几分钟的头脑风暴。文件中链接的函数对应用程序都非常重要，简单地将它们删除并迁移到其他文件中并不能解决问题。
我认为你只有这些选择:
Don't migrate and stay with what you have. Possibly quit your job and start working on serious software with good design in addition. Extreme programming is not always the best solution if you are working on a long time project with enough funds to survive a crash or two. Work out a layout of how you would love your file to look once it's split up. Create the necessary files and integrate them in your application. Rename the functions or overload them to take an additional parameter (maybe just a simple boolean?). Once you have to work on your code, migrate the functions you need to work on to the new file and map the function calls of the old functions to the new functions. You should still have your main-file this way, and still be able to see the changes that were made to it, once it comes to a specific function you know exactly when it was outsourced and so on. Try to convince your co-workers with some good cake that workflow is overrated and that you need to rewrite some parts of the application in order to do serious business.
