function Once() {
    return this.constructor.instance || (this.constructor.instance = this);
}

function Application(name) {
    let app = Once.call(this);

    app.name = name;

    return app;
}

如果你在上课:

class Once {
    constructor() {
        return this.constructor.instance || (this.constructor.instance = this);
    }
}

class Application extends Once {
    constructor(name) {
        super();

        this.name = name;
    }
}

测试:

console.log(new Once() === new Once());

let app1 = new Application('Foobar');
let app2 = new Application('Barfoo');

console.log(app1 === app2);
console.log(app1.name); // Barfoo

最明确的答案应该是Addy Osmani所著的《学习JavaScript设计模式》一书。

var mySingleton = (function () { // Instance stores a reference to the singleton var instance; function init() { // Singleton // Private methods and variables function privateMethod(){ console.log( "I am private" ); } var privateVariable = "I'm also private"; var privateRandomNumber = Math.random(); return { // Public methods and variables publicMethod: function () { console.log( "The public can see me!" ); }, publicProperty: "I am also public", getRandomNumber: function() { return privateRandomNumber; } }; }; return { // Get the singleton instance if one exists // or create one if it doesn't getInstance: function () { if ( !instance ) { instance = init(); } return instance; } }; })();

您可以在每次新的执行中返回相同的实例-

function Singleton() {
    // lazy 
    if (Singleton.prototype.myInstance == undefined) {
        Singleton.prototype.myInstance = { description: "I am the instance"};
    }
    return Singleton.prototype.myInstance;
}

a = new Singleton();
b = new Singleton();
console.log(a); // { description: "I am the instance"};
console.log(b); // { description: "I am the instance"};
console.log(a==b); // true

JavaScript中的单例是使用模块模式和闭包实现的。

下面的代码是不言自明的

// Singleton example.
var singleton = (function() {
  var instance;

  function init() {
    var privateVar1 = "this is a private variable";
    var privateVar2 = "another var";

    function pubMethod() {
      // Accessing private variables from inside.
      console.log(this.privateVar1);
      console.log(this.privateVar2);
      console.log("inside of a public method");
    };
  }

  function getInstance() {
    if (!instance) {
      instance = init();
    }
    return instance;
  };

  return {
    getInstance: getInstance
  }
})();

var obj1 = singleton.getInstance();
var obj2 = singleton.getInstance();

console.log(obj1 === obj2); // Check for type and value.

下面是我实现单例模式的演练片段。这是我在面试过程中想到的，我觉得我应该在某个地方捕捉到这一点。

/*************************************************
 *     SINGLETON PATTERN IMPLEMENTATION          *
 *************************************************/

// Since there aren't any classes in JavaScript, every object
// is technically a singleton if you don't inherit from it
// or copy from it.
var single = {};


// Singleton Implementations
//
// Declaring as a global object...you are being judged!

var Logger = function() {
  // global_log is/will be defined in the GLOBAL scope here
  if(typeof global_log === 'undefined'){
    global_log = this;
  }
  return global_log;
};


// The below 'fix' solves the GLOABL variable problem, but
// the log_instance is publicly available and thus can be
// tampered with.
function Logger() {
  if(typeof Logger.log_instance === 'undefined') {
    Logger.log_instance = this;
  }

  return Logger.log_instance;
};


// The correct way to do it to give it a closure!

function logFactory() {
  var log_instance; // Private instance
  var _initLog = function() { // Private init method
    log_instance = 'initialized';
    console.log("logger initialized!")
  }
  return {
    getLog : function(){ // The 'privileged' method
      if(typeof log_instance === 'undefined') {
        _initLog();
      }
      return log_instance;
    }
  };
}


/***** TEST CODE ************************************************

// Using the Logger singleton
var logger = logFactory(); // Did I just give LogFactory a closure?

// Create an instance of the logger
var a = logger.getLog();

// Do some work
// Get another instance of the logger
var b = logger.getLog();

// Check if the two logger instances are same
console.log(a === b); // true
*******************************************************************/

同样可以在我的主旨页面上找到。

我认为最简单的方法是声明一个简单的对象文字:

var myInstance = {
  method1: function () {
    // ...
  },
  method2: function () {
    // ...
  }
};

如果你想在你的单例实例上有私有成员，你可以这样做:

var myInstance = (function() {
  var privateVar = '';

  function privateMethod () {
    // ...
  }

  return { // public interface
    publicMethod1: function () {
      // All private members are accessible here
    },
    publicMethod2: function () {
    }
  };
})();

这被称为模块模式，它基本上允许您通过使用闭包来封装对象上的私有成员。

如果你想阻止对单例对象的修改，你可以使用ES5 object .freeze方法冻结它。

这将使对象不可变，防止对其结构和值进行任何修改。

如果你正在使用ES6，你可以很容易地使用ES模块来表示一个单例，你甚至可以通过在模块范围内声明变量来保持私有状态:

// my-singleton.js
const somePrivateState = []

function privateFn () {
  // ...
}

export default {
  method1() {
    // ...
  },
  method2() {
    // ...
  }
}

然后你可以简单地导入单例对象来使用它:

import myInstance from './my-singleton.js'
// ...