对每种复制模式的简短解释：

浅层副本构造一个新的复合对象，然后（在可能的范围内）向其中插入对原始对象的引用-创建浅层副本：

new_list = my_list

深度副本构造一个新的复合对象，然后递归地将原始对象的副本插入其中，从而创建一个深度副本：

new_list = list(my_list)

list（）适用于简单列表的深度复制，例如：

my_list = ["A","B","C"]

但是，对于复杂的列表，如。。。

my_complex_list = [{'A' : 500, 'B' : 501},{'C' : 502}]

…使用deepcopy（）：

import copy
new_complex_list = copy.deepcopy(my_complex_list)

要使用的方法取决于要复制的列表的内容。如果列表中包含嵌套的dict，则deepcopy是唯一有效的方法，否则答案中列出的大多数方法（slice、loop[for]、copy、extend、combine或unpack）都将在类似的时间内工作和执行（loop和deepcopy除外，这两种方法执行得最差）。

剧本

from random import randint
from time import time
import copy

item_count = 100000

def copy_type(l1: list, l2: list):
  if l1 == l2:
    return 'shallow'
  return 'deep'

def run_time(start, end):
  run = end - start
  return int(run * 1000000)

def list_combine(data):
  l1 = [data for i in range(item_count)]
  start = time()
  l2 = [] + l1
  end = time()
  if type(data) == dict:
    l2[0]['test'].append(1)
  elif type(data) == list:
    l2.append(1)
  return {'method': 'combine', 'copy_type': copy_type(l1, l2), 
          'time_µs': run_time(start, end)}

def list_extend(data):
  l1 = [data for i in range(item_count)]
  start = time()
  l2 = []
  l2.extend(l1)
  end = time()
  if type(data) == dict:
    l2[0]['test'].append(1)
  elif type(data) == list:
    l2.append(1)
  return {'method': 'extend', 'copy_type': copy_type(l1, l2), 
          'time_µs': run_time(start, end)}

def list_unpack(data):
  l1 = [data for i in range(item_count)]
  start = time()
  l2 = [*l1]
  end = time()
  if type(data) == dict:
    l2[0]['test'].append(1)
  elif type(data) == list:
    l2.append(1)
  return {'method': 'unpack', 'copy_type': copy_type(l1, l2), 
          'time_µs': run_time(start, end)}

def list_deepcopy(data):
  l1 = [data for i in range(item_count)]
  start = time()
  l2 = copy.deepcopy(l1)
  end = time()
  if type(data) == dict:
    l2[0]['test'].append(1)
  elif type(data) == list:
    l2.append(1)
  return {'method': 'deepcopy', 'copy_type': copy_type(l1, l2), 
          'time_µs': run_time(start, end)}

def list_copy(data):
  l1 = [data for i in range(item_count)]
  start = time()
  l2 = list.copy(l1)
  end = time()
  if type(data) == dict:
    l2[0]['test'].append(1)
  elif type(data) == list:
    l2.append(1)
  return {'method': 'copy', 'copy_type': copy_type(l1, l2), 
          'time_µs': run_time(start, end)}

def list_slice(data):
  l1 = [data for i in range(item_count)]
  start = time()
  l2 = l1[:]
  end = time()
  if type(data) == dict:
    l2[0]['test'].append(1)
  elif type(data) == list:
    l2.append(1)
  return {'method': 'slice', 'copy_type': copy_type(l1, l2), 
          'time_µs': run_time(start, end)}

def list_loop(data):
  l1 = [data for i in range(item_count)]
  start = time()
  l2 = []
  for i in range(len(l1)):
    l2.append(l1[i])
  end = time()
  if type(data) == dict:
    l2[0]['test'].append(1)
  elif type(data) == list:
    l2.append(1)
  return {'method': 'loop', 'copy_type': copy_type(l1, l2), 
          'time_µs': run_time(start, end)}

def list_list(data):
  l1 = [data for i in range(item_count)]
  start = time()
  l2 = list(l1)
  end = time()
  if type(data) == dict:
    l2[0]['test'].append(1)
  elif type(data) == list:
    l2.append(1)
  return {'method': 'list()', 'copy_type': copy_type(l1, l2), 
          'time_µs': run_time(start, end)}

if __name__ == '__main__':
  list_type = [{'list[dict]': {'test': [1, 1]}}, 
          {'list[list]': [1, 1]}]
  store = []
  for data in list_type:
    key = list(data.keys())[0]
    store.append({key: [list_unpack(data[key]), list_extend(data[key]), 
                list_combine(data[key]), list_deepcopy(data[key]), 
                list_copy(data[key]), list_slice(data[key]),           
                list_loop(data[key])]})
  print(store)

后果

[{"list[dict]": [
  {"method": "unpack", "copy_type": "shallow", "time_µs": 56149},
  {"method": "extend", "copy_type": "shallow", "time_µs": 52991},
  {"method": "combine", "copy_type": "shallow", "time_µs": 53726},
  {"method": "deepcopy", "copy_type": "deep", "time_µs": 2702616},
  {"method": "copy", "copy_type": "shallow", "time_µs": 52204},
  {"method": "slice", "copy_type": "shallow", "time_µs": 52223},
  {"method": "loop", "copy_type": "shallow", "time_µs": 836928}]},
{"list[list]": [
  {"method": "unpack", "copy_type": "deep", "time_µs": 52313},
  {"method": "extend", "copy_type": "deep", "time_µs": 52550},
  {"method": "combine", "copy_type": "deep", "time_µs": 53203},
  {"method": "deepcopy", "copy_type": "deep", "time_µs": 2608560},
  {"method": "copy", "copy_type": "deep", "time_µs": 53210},
  {"method": "slice", "copy_type": "deep", "time_µs": 52937},
  {"method": "loop", "copy_type": "deep", "time_µs": 834774}
]}]

菲利克斯已经给出了一个很好的答案，但我想我应该对各种方法进行速度比较：

10.59秒（105.9µs/itn）-copy.depcopy（旧列表）10.16秒（101.6µs/itn）-纯Python Copy（）方法使用deepcopy复制类1.488秒（14.88µs/itn）-纯Python Copy（）方法不复制类（仅dicts/lists/tuples）0.325秒（3.25µs/itn）-对于old_list:new_list.append（项目）中的项目0.217秒（2.17µs/itn）-[i代表old_list]（列表理解）0.186秒（1.86µs/itn）-复制副本（old_list）0.075秒（0.75µs/itn）-列表（旧列表）0.053秒（0.53µs/itn）-新列表=[]；新列表扩展（旧列表）0.039秒（0.39µs/itn）-old_list[：]（列表切片）

所以最快的是列表切片。但请注意，与copy.deepcopy（）和python版本不同，copy.copy（）、list[：]和list（list）不会复制列表中的任何列表、字典和类实例，因此如果原始列表发生变化，它们也会在复制的列表中发生变化，反之亦然。

（如果有人感兴趣或想提出任何问题，以下是脚本：）

from copy import deepcopy

class old_class:
    def __init__(self):
        self.blah = 'blah'

class new_class(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.blah = 'blah'

dignore = {str: None, unicode: None, int: None, type(None): None}

def Copy(obj, use_deepcopy=True):
    t = type(obj)

    if t in (list, tuple):
        if t == tuple:
            # Convert to a list if a tuple to
            # allow assigning to when copying
            is_tuple = True
            obj = list(obj)
        else:
            # Otherwise just do a quick slice copy
            obj = obj[:]
            is_tuple = False

        # Copy each item recursively
        for x in xrange(len(obj)):
            if type(obj[x]) in dignore:
                continue
            obj[x] = Copy(obj[x], use_deepcopy)

        if is_tuple:
            # Convert back into a tuple again
            obj = tuple(obj)

    elif t == dict:
        # Use the fast shallow dict copy() method and copy any
        # values which aren't immutable (like lists, dicts etc)
        obj = obj.copy()
        for k in obj:
            if type(obj[k]) in dignore:
                continue
            obj[k] = Copy(obj[k], use_deepcopy)

    elif t in dignore:
        # Numeric or string/unicode?
        # It's immutable, so ignore it!
        pass

    elif use_deepcopy:
        obj = deepcopy(obj)
    return obj

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import copy
    from time import time

    num_times = 100000
    L = [None, 'blah', 1, 543.4532,
         ['foo'], ('bar',), {'blah': 'blah'},
         old_class(), new_class()]

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        Copy(L)
    print 'Custom Copy:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        Copy(L, use_deepcopy=False)
    print 'Custom Copy Only Copying Lists/Tuples/Dicts (no classes):', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        copy.copy(L)
    print 'copy.copy:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        copy.deepcopy(L)
    print 'copy.deepcopy:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        L[:]
    print 'list slicing [:]:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        list(L)
    print 'list(L):', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        [i for i in L]
    print 'list expression(L):', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        a = []
        a.extend(L)
    print 'list extend:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        a = []
        for y in L:
            a.append(y)
    print 'list append:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        a = []
        a.extend(i for i in L)
    print 'generator expression extend:', time()-t

请注意，在某些情况下，如果您定义了自己的自定义类，并且希望保留这些属性，则应使用copy.copy（）或copy.deepcopy（），而不是其他选项，例如在Python 3中：

import copy

class MyList(list):
    pass

lst = MyList([1,2,3])

lst.name = 'custom list'

d = {
'original': lst,
'slicecopy' : lst[:],
'lstcopy' : lst.copy(),
'copycopy': copy.copy(lst),
'deepcopy': copy.deepcopy(lst)
}


for k,v in d.items():
    print('lst: {}'.format(k), end=', ')
    try:
        name = v.name
    except AttributeError:
        name = 'NA'
    print('name: {}'.format(name))

输出：

lst: original, name: custom list
lst: slicecopy, name: NA
lst: lstcopy, name: NA
lst: copycopy, name: custom list
lst: deepcopy, name: custom list

deepcopy选项是唯一适用于我的方法：

from copy import deepcopy

a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ]   ]
b = deepcopy(a)
b[0][1]=[3]
print('Deep:')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')
a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ]   ]
b = a*1
b[0][1]=[3]
print('*1:')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')
a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ] ]
b = a[:]
b[0][1]=[3]
print('Vector copy:')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')
a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ]  ]
b = list(a)
b[0][1]=[3]
print('List copy:')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')
a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ]  ]
b = a.copy()
b[0][1]=[3]
print('.copy():')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')
a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ]  ]
b = a
b[0][1]=[3]
print('Shallow:')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')

导致输出：

Deep:
[[[1, 2], [1, 2], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------
*1:
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------
Vector copy:
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------
List copy:
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------
.copy():
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------
Shallow:
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------

通过id和gc查看内存的一个稍微实用的视角。

>>> b = a = ['hell', 'word']
>>> c = ['hell', 'word']

>>> id(a), id(b), id(c)
(4424020872, 4424020872, 4423979272) 
     |           |
      -----------

>>> id(a[0]), id(b[0]), id(c[0])
(4424018328, 4424018328, 4424018328) # all referring to same 'hell'
     |           |           |
      -----------------------

>>> id(a[0][0]), id(b[0][0]), id(c[0][0])
(4422785208, 4422785208, 4422785208) # all referring to same 'h'
     |           |           |
      -----------------------

>>> a[0] += 'o'
>>> a,b,c
(['hello', 'word'], ['hello', 'word'], ['hell', 'word'])  # b changed too
>>> id(a[0]), id(b[0]), id(c[0])
(4424018384, 4424018384, 4424018328) # augmented assignment changed a[0],b[0]
     |           |
      -----------

>>> b = a = ['hell', 'word']
>>> id(a[0]), id(b[0]), id(c[0])
(4424018328, 4424018328, 4424018328) # the same hell
     |           |           |
      -----------------------

>>> import gc
>>> gc.get_referrers(a[0]) 
[['hell', 'word'], ['hell', 'word']]  # one copy belong to a,b, the another for c
>>> gc.get_referrers(('hell'))
[['hell', 'word'], ['hell', 'word'], ('hell', None)] # ('hello', None)