如何确定脚本本身中的Bash脚本文件的名称?
就像如果我的脚本在文件runme.sh中，那么我如何让它显示“您正在运行runme.sh”消息而不硬编码?
当前回答
在所有情况下获取脚本或源脚本的“真实路径”:
fullname=$(readlink $0) # Take care of symbolic links
dirname=${fullname%/*} # Get (most of the time) the dirname
realpath=$(dirname $BASH_SOURCE) # TO handle sourced scripts
[ "$realpath" = '.' ] && realpath=${dirname:-.}
下面是要生成的bash脚本(在新创建的“workdir”子目录中，在当前目录的“mytest”中)，该bash脚本将派生另一个脚本，该脚本将调用bash定义的函数....测试了许多方法来启动它们:
#!/bin/bash
##############################################################
ret=0
fullname=$(readlink $0) # Take care of symbolic links
dirname=${fullname%/*} # Get (most of the time) the dirname
realpath=$(dirname $BASH_SOURCE) # TO handle sourced scripts
[ "$realpath" = '.' ] && realpath=${dirname:-.}
fullname_withoutextension=${fullname%.*}
mkdir -p workdir
cat <<'EOD' > workdir/_script_.sh
#!/bin/bash
##############################################################
ret=0
fullname=$(readlink $0) # Take care of symbolic links
dirname=${fullname%/*} # Get (most of the time) the dirname
realpath=$(dirname $BASH_SOURCE) # TO handle sourced scripts
[ "$realpath" = '.' ] && realpath=${dirname:-.}
fullname_withoutextension=${fullname%.*}
echo
echo "# ------------- RESULTS ------------- #"
echo "# path to me (\$0)-----------> ${0} "
echo "# arguments called with ----> ${@} "
echo "# \$1 -----------------------> $1 "
echo "# \$2 -----------------------> $2 "
echo "# path to me (\$fullname)----> ${fullname} "
echo "# parent path(\${0%/*})------> ${0%/*} "
echo "# parent path(\$dirname)-----> ${dirname} "
echo "# my name ----\${0##*/}------> ${0##*/} "
echo "# my source -\${BASH_SOURCE}-> ${BASH_SOURCE} "
echo "# parent path(from BASH_SOURCE) -> $(dirname $BASH_SOURCE)"
echo "# my function name -\${FUNCNAME[0]}------> ${FUNCNAME[0]}"
echo "# my source or script real path (realpath)------------------> $realpath"
echo
[ "$realpath" = "workdir" ] || ret=1
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*******************************************************"
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*********** ERROR **********************************"
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*******************************************************"
show_params () {
echo
echo "# --- RESULTS FROM show_params() ---- #"
echo "# path to me (\$0)-----------> ${0} "
echo "# arguments called with ----> ${@} "
echo "# \$1 -----------------------> $1 "
echo "# \$2 -----------------------> $2 "
echo "# path to me (\$fullname)----> ${fullname} "
echo "# parent path(\${0%/*})------> ${0%/*} "
echo "# parent path(\$dirname)-----> ${dirname} "
echo "# my name ----\${0##*/}------> ${0##*/} "
echo "# my source -\${BASH_SOURCE}-> ${BASH_SOURCE} "
echo "# parent path(from BASH_SOURCE) -> $(dirname $BASH_SOURCE)"
echo "# my function name -\${FUNCNAME[0]}------> ${FUNCNAME[0]}"
echo "# my source or script real path (realpath)------------------> $realpath"
echo
[ "$realpath" = "workdir" ] || ret=1
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*******************************************************"
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*********** ERROR **********************************"
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*******************************************************"
}
show_params "$@"
EOD
cat workdir/_script_.sh > workdir/_side_by_side_script_sourced.inc
cat <<'EOD' >> workdir/_script_.sh
echo "# . $realpath/_side_by_side_script_sourced.inc 'hello there' 'william'"
. $realpath/_side_by_side_script_sourced.inc 'hello there' 'william'
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*******************************************************"
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*********** ERROR **********************************"
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*******************************************************"
EOD
chmod +x workdir/_script_.sh
[ -L _mytest_ ] && rm _mytest_
ln -s workdir/_script_.sh _mytest_
# ------------- CALLED ------------- #
called_by () {
echo '=========================================================================='
echo " Called by : " "$@"
echo '=========================================================================='
eval "$@"
}
called_by bash _mytest_
called_by ./_mytest_
called_by bash workdir/_script_.sh
called_by workdir/_script_.sh
called_by . workdir/_script_.sh
# ------------- RESULTS ------------- #
echo
echo
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*******************************************************"
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*********** ERROR **********************************"
[ $ret = 0 ] || echo "*******************************************************"
echo
[ $ret = 0 ] && echo ".... location of scripts (\$realpath) should always be equal to $realpath, for all test cases at date".
echo
# ------------- END ------------- #
其他回答
如果脚本名中有空格，更可靠的方法是使用"$0"或"$(basename "$0")"-或MacOS: "$(basename \"$0\")"。这可以防止名称以任何方式被破坏或解释。一般来说，在shell中始终使用双引号作为变量名是一种良好的实践。
这些答案对于它们所陈述的情况是正确的，但如果您使用'source'关键字从另一个脚本运行脚本(以便它在同一个shell中运行)，仍然存在一个问题。在本例中，您将获得调用脚本的$0。在这种情况下，我认为不可能获得脚本本身的名称。
这是一个边缘情况，不应该太当真。如果你直接从另一个脚本运行脚本(没有'source')，使用$0可以工作。
您可以使用$0来确定您的脚本名称(带完整路径)-要获得只有您可以使用该变量的脚本名称
basename $0
# ------------- SCRIPT ------------- #
#!/bin/bash
echo
echo "# arguments called with ----> ${@} "
echo "# \$1 ----------------------> $1 "
echo "# \$2 ----------------------> $2 "
echo "# path to me ---------------> ${0} "
echo "# parent path --------------> ${0%/*} "
echo "# my name ------------------> ${0##*/} "
echo
exit
# ------------- CALLED ------------- #
# Notice on the next line, the first argument is called within double,
# and single quotes, since it contains two words
$ /misc/shell_scripts/check_root/show_parms.sh "'hello there'" "'william'"
# ------------- RESULTS ------------- #
# arguments called with ---> 'hello there' 'william'
# $1 ----------------------> 'hello there'
# $2 ----------------------> 'william'
# path to me --------------> /misc/shell_scripts/check_root/show_parms.sh
# parent path -------------> /misc/shell_scripts/check_root
# my name -----------------> show_parms.sh
# ------------- END ------------- #
如果你调用shell脚本喜欢
/home/mike/runme.sh
$0是全名
/home/mike/runme.sh
Basename $0将获得基本文件名
runme.sh
你需要把这个基本的名字放到一个变量里，比如
filename=$(basename $0)
并添加额外的文本
echo "You are running $filename"
你的脚本就像
/home/mike/runme.sh
#!/bin/bash
filename=$(basename $0)
echo "You are running $filename"
