我想设计一个程序，可以帮助我在5种预定义的颜色中评估哪一种更类似于可变颜色，以及与可变颜色的百分比。问题是我不知道如何手动一步一步地做到这一点。所以想一个程序就更难了。
更多细节:颜色来自不同颜色的管子和凝胶的照片。我有5个不同颜色的管子，每个代表5个等级中的1个。我想拍摄其他样本的照片，然后在电脑上通过比较颜色来评估样本属于哪个级别，我也想知道一个近似的百分比。我想要一个这样做的程序:http://www.colortools.net/color_matcher.html
如果你能告诉我该采取什么步骤，即使它们需要我手动思考和执行。那会很有帮助的。
当前回答
Android for ColorUtils API RGBToHSL 我有两个int argb颜色(color1, color2)，我想要得到两种颜色之间的距离/差异。这是我所做的;
private float getHue(int color) {
int R = (color >> 16) & 0xff;
int G = (color >> 8) & 0xff;
int B = (color ) & 0xff;
float[] colorHue = new float[3];
ColorUtils.RGBToHSL(R, G, B, colorHue);
return colorHue[0];
}
然后我使用下面的代码来查找两种颜色之间的距离。
private float getDistance(getHue(color1), getHue(color2)) {
float avgHue = (hue1 + hue2)/2;
return Math.abs(hue1 - avgHue);
}
其他回答
这只是我第一次想到的一个想法(如果愚蠢的话，对不起)。 颜色的三个分量可以假定为点的三维坐标，然后可以计算点之间的距离。
外汇期货
Point1 has R1 G1 B1
Point2 has R2 G2 B2
颜色之间的距离为
d=sqrt((r2-r1)^2+(g2-g1)^2+(b2-b1)^2)
比例是
p=d/sqrt((255)^2+(255)^2+(255)^2)
我在我的android up中使用了这个，它似乎令人满意，尽管不建议使用RGB空间:
public double colourDistance(int red1,int green1, int blue1, int red2, int green2, int blue2)
{
double rmean = ( red1 + red2 )/2;
int r = red1 - red2;
int g = green1 - green2;
int b = blue1 - blue2;
double weightR = 2 + rmean/256;
double weightG = 4.0;
double weightB = 2 + (255-rmean)/256;
return Math.sqrt(weightR*r*r + weightG*g*g + weightB*b*b);
}
然后我用下面的方法得到相似度的百分比:
double maxColDist = 764.8339663572415;
double d1 = colourDistance(red1,green1,blue1,red2,green2,blue2);
String s1 = (int) Math.round(((maxColDist-d1)/maxColDist)*100) + "% match";
它工作得很好。
只是另一个答案，尽管它与Supr的答案相似-只是不同的颜色空间。
问题是:人类感知颜色的差异并不均匀，而RGB颜色空间忽略了这一点。因此，如果你使用RGB颜色空间，只是计算两种颜色之间的欧几里得距离，你可能会得到一个在数学上绝对正确的差异，但与人类告诉你的不一致。
This may not be a problem - the difference is not that large I think, but if you want to solve this "better" you should convert your RGB colors into a color space that was specifically designed to avoid the above problem. There are several ones, improvements from earlier models (since this is based on human perception we need to measure the "correct" values based on experimental data). There's the Lab colorspace which I think would be the best although a bit complicated to convert it to. Simpler would be the CIE XYZ one.
这里有一个网站列出了在不同颜色空间之间转换的公式，所以你可以尝试一下。
Android for ColorUtils API RGBToHSL 我有两个int argb颜色(color1, color2)，我想要得到两种颜色之间的距离/差异。这是我所做的;
private float getHue(int color) {
int R = (color >> 16) & 0xff;
int G = (color >> 8) & 0xff;
int B = (color ) & 0xff;
float[] colorHue = new float[3];
ColorUtils.RGBToHSL(R, G, B, colorHue);
return colorHue[0];
}
然后我使用下面的代码来查找两种颜色之间的距离。
private float getDistance(getHue(color1), getHue(color2)) {
float avgHue = (hue1 + hue2)/2;
return Math.abs(hue1 - avgHue);
}
以下所有方法的结果都是0-100。
internal static class ColorDifference
{
internal enum Method
{
Binary, // true or false, 0 is false
Square,
Dimensional,
CIE76
}
public static double Calculate(Method method, int argb1, int argb2)
{
int[] c1 = ColorConversion.ArgbToArray(argb1);
int[] c2 = ColorConversion.ArgbToArray(argb2);
return Calculate(method, c1[1], c2[1], c1[2], c2[2], c1[3], c2[3], c1[0], c2[0]);
}
public static double Calculate(Method method, int r1, int r2, int g1, int g2, int b1, int b2, int a1 = -1, int a2 = -1)
{
switch (method)
{
case Method.Binary:
return (r1 == r2 && g1 == g2 && b1 == b2 && a1 == a2) ? 0 : 100;
case Method.CIE76:
return CalculateCIE76(r1, r2, g1, g2, b1, b2);
case Method.Dimensional:
if (a1 == -1 || a2 == -1) return Calculate3D(r1, r2, g1, g2, b1, b2);
else return Calculate4D(r1, r2, g1, g2, b1, b2, a1, a2);
case Method.Square:
return CalculateSquare(r1, r2, g1, g2, b1, b2, a1, a2);
default:
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}
}
public static double Calculate(Method method, Color c1, Color c2, bool alpha)
{
switch (method)
{
case Method.Binary:
return (c1.R == c2.R && c1.G == c2.G && c1.B == c2.B && (!alpha || c1.A == c2.A)) ? 0 : 100;
case Method.CIE76:
if (alpha) throw new InvalidOperationException();
return CalculateCIE76(c1, c2);
case Method.Dimensional:
if (alpha) return Calculate4D(c1, c2);
else return Calculate3D(c1, c2);
case Method.Square:
if (alpha) return CalculateSquareAlpha(c1, c2);
else return CalculateSquare(c1, c2);
default:
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}
}
// A simple idea, based on on a Square
public static double CalculateSquare(int argb1, int argb2)
{
int[] c1 = ColorConversion.ArgbToArray(argb1);
int[] c2 = ColorConversion.ArgbToArray(argb2);
return CalculateSquare(c1[1], c2[1], c1[2], c2[2], c1[3], c2[3]);
}
public static double CalculateSquare(Color c1, Color c2)
{
return CalculateSquare(c1.R, c2.R, c1.G, c2.G, c1.B, c2.B);
}
public static double CalculateSquareAlpha(int argb1, int argb2)
{
int[] c1 = ColorConversion.ArgbToArray(argb1);
int[] c2 = ColorConversion.ArgbToArray(argb2);
return CalculateSquare(c1[1], c2[1], c1[2], c2[2], c1[3], c2[3], c1[0], c2[0]);
}
public static double CalculateSquareAlpha(Color c1, Color c2)
{
return CalculateSquare(c1.R, c2.R, c1.G, c2.G, c1.B, c2.B, c1.A, c2.A);
}
public static double CalculateSquare(int r1, int r2, int g1, int g2, int b1, int b2, int a1 = -1, int a2 = -1)
{
if (a1 == -1 || a2 == -1) return (Math.Abs(r1 - r2) + Math.Abs(g1 - g2) + Math.Abs(b1 - b2)) / 7.65;
else return (Math.Abs(r1 - r2) + Math.Abs(g1 - g2) + Math.Abs(b1 - b2) + Math.Abs(a1 - a2)) / 10.2;
}
// from:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9018016/how-to-compare-two-colors
public static double Calculate3D(int argb1, int argb2)
{
int[] c1 = ColorConversion.ArgbToArray(argb1);
int[] c2 = ColorConversion.ArgbToArray(argb2);
return Calculate3D(c1[1], c2[1], c1[2], c2[2], c1[3], c2[3]);
}
public static double Calculate3D(Color c1, Color c2)
{
return Calculate3D(c1.R, c2.R, c1.G, c2.G, c1.B, c2.B);
}
public static double Calculate3D(int r1, int r2, int g1, int g2, int b1, int b2)
{
return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(Math.Abs(r1 - r2), 2) + Math.Pow(Math.Abs(g1 - g2), 2) + Math.Pow(Math.Abs(b1 - b2), 2)) / 4.41672955930063709849498817084;
}
// Same as above, but made 4D to include alpha channel
public static double Calculate4D(int argb1, int argb2)
{
int[] c1 = ColorConversion.ArgbToArray(argb1);
int[] c2 = ColorConversion.ArgbToArray(argb2);
return Calculate4D(c1[1], c2[1], c1[2], c2[2], c1[3], c2[3], c1[0], c2[0]);
}
public static double Calculate4D(Color c1, Color c2)
{
return Calculate4D(c1.R, c2.R, c1.G, c2.G, c1.B, c2.B, c1.A, c2.A);
}
public static double Calculate4D(int r1, int r2, int g1, int g2, int b1, int b2, int a1, int a2)
{
return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(Math.Abs(r1 - r2), 2) + Math.Pow(Math.Abs(g1 - g2), 2) + Math.Pow(Math.Abs(b1 - b2), 2) + Math.Pow(Math.Abs(a1 - a2), 2)) / 5.1;
}
/**
* Computes the difference between two RGB colors by converting them to the L*a*b scale and
* comparing them using the CIE76 algorithm { http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_difference#CIE76}
*/
public static double CalculateCIE76(int argb1, int argb2)
{
return CalculateCIE76(Color.FromArgb(argb1), Color.FromArgb(argb2));
}
public static double CalculateCIE76(Color c1, Color c2)
{
return CalculateCIE76(c1.R, c2.R, c1.G, c2.G, c1.B, c2.B);
}
public static double CalculateCIE76(int r1, int r2, int g1, int g2, int b1, int b2)
{
int[] lab1 = ColorConversion.ColorToLab(r1, g1, b1);
int[] lab2 = ColorConversion.ColorToLab(r2, g2, b2);
return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(lab2[0] - lab1[0], 2) + Math.Pow(lab2[1] - lab1[1], 2) + Math.Pow(lab2[2] - lab1[2], 2)) / 2.55;
}
}
internal static class ColorConversion
{
public static int[] ArgbToArray(int argb)
{
return new int[] { (argb >> 24), (argb >> 16) & 0xFF, (argb >> 8) & 0xFF, argb & 0xFF };
}
public static int[] ColorToLab(int R, int G, int B)
{
// http://www.brucelindbloom.com
double r, g, b, X, Y, Z, fx, fy, fz, xr, yr, zr;
double Ls, fas, fbs;
double eps = 216.0f / 24389.0f;
double k = 24389.0f / 27.0f;
double Xr = 0.964221f; // reference white D50
double Yr = 1.0f;
double Zr = 0.825211f;
// RGB to XYZ
r = R / 255.0f; //R 0..1
g = G / 255.0f; //G 0..1
b = B / 255.0f; //B 0..1
// assuming sRGB (D65)
if (r <= 0.04045) r = r / 12;
else r = (float)Math.Pow((r + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
if (g <= 0.04045) g = g / 12;
else g = (float)Math.Pow((g + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
if (b <= 0.04045) b = b / 12;
else b = (float)Math.Pow((b + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
X = 0.436052025f * r + 0.385081593f * g + 0.143087414f * b;
Y = 0.222491598f * r + 0.71688606f * g + 0.060621486f * b;
Z = 0.013929122f * r + 0.097097002f * g + 0.71418547f * b;
// XYZ to Lab
xr = X / Xr;
yr = Y / Yr;
zr = Z / Zr;
if (xr > eps) fx = (float)Math.Pow(xr, 1 / 3.0);
else fx = (float)((k * xr + 16.0) / 116.0);
if (yr > eps) fy = (float)Math.Pow(yr, 1 / 3.0);
else fy = (float)((k * yr + 16.0) / 116.0);
if (zr > eps) fz = (float)Math.Pow(zr, 1 / 3.0);
else fz = (float)((k * zr + 16.0) / 116);
Ls = (116 * fy) - 16;
fas = 500 * (fx - fy);
fbs = 200 * (fy - fz);
int[] lab = new int[3];
lab[0] = (int)(2.55 * Ls + 0.5);
lab[1] = (int)(fas + 0.5);
lab[2] = (int)(fbs + 0.5);
return lab;
}
}
