只是另一个答案，尽管它与Supr的答案相似-只是不同的颜色空间。

问题是:人类感知颜色的差异并不均匀，而RGB颜色空间忽略了这一点。因此，如果你使用RGB颜色空间，只是计算两种颜色之间的欧几里得距离，你可能会得到一个在数学上绝对正确的差异，但与人类告诉你的不一致。

This may not be a problem - the difference is not that large I think, but if you want to solve this "better" you should convert your RGB colors into a color space that was specifically designed to avoid the above problem. There are several ones, improvements from earlier models (since this is based on human perception we need to measure the "correct" values based on experimental data). There's the Lab colorspace which I think would be the best although a bit complicated to convert it to. Simpler would be the CIE XYZ one.

这里有一个网站列出了在不同颜色空间之间转换的公式，所以你可以尝试一下。

比较颜色的唯一“正确”方法是在CIELab或CIELuv中使用delta。

但对于很多应用，我认为这是一个足够好的近似:

子弹会= 3 * | diana | + 4个数2 + 3 * * |人物dG |专题| dB专题|

我认为在比较颜色时，加权曼哈顿距离更有意义。记住，颜色原色只存在于我们的大脑中。它们没有任何物理意义。CIELab和CIELuv是根据我们对颜色的感知建立的统计模型。

通过人类感知来比较两种颜色的最佳方法之一是CIE76。这个差值叫做e。当小于1时，人眼无法识别差异。

有一个很棒的颜色工具类ColorUtils(代码如下)，它包括CIE76比较方法。作者是苏黎世大学的丹尼尔·斯特雷贝尔。

从ColorUtils.class我使用的方法:

static double colorDifference(int r1, int g1, int b1, int r2, int g2, int b2)

r1,g1,b1 -第一种颜色的RGB值

r2,g2,b2 -您想比较的第二个颜色的RGB值

如果你使用Android，你可以得到这样的值:

r1 = Color.red(像素);

g1 = Color.green(像素);

b1 = Color.blue(像素);

ColorUtils.class作者:Daniel Strebel，苏黎世大学:

import android.graphics.Color;

public class ColorUtil {
public static int argb(int R, int G, int B) {
    return argb(Byte.MAX_VALUE, R, G, B);
}

public static int argb(int A, int R, int G, int B) {
    byte[] colorByteArr = {(byte) A, (byte) R, (byte) G, (byte) B};
    return byteArrToInt(colorByteArr);
}

public static int[] rgb(int argb) {
    return new int[]{(argb >> 16) & 0xFF, (argb >> 8) & 0xFF, argb & 0xFF};
}

public static int byteArrToInt(byte[] colorByteArr) {
    return (colorByteArr[0] << 24) + ((colorByteArr[1] & 0xFF) << 16)
            + ((colorByteArr[2] & 0xFF) << 8) + (colorByteArr[3] & 0xFF);
}

public static int[] rgb2lab(int R, int G, int B) {
    //http://www.brucelindbloom.com

    float r, g, b, X, Y, Z, fx, fy, fz, xr, yr, zr;
    float Ls, as, bs;
    float eps = 216.f / 24389.f;
    float k = 24389.f / 27.f;

    float Xr = 0.964221f;  // reference white D50
    float Yr = 1.0f;
    float Zr = 0.825211f;

    // RGB to XYZ
    r = R / 255.f; //R 0..1
    g = G / 255.f; //G 0..1
    b = B / 255.f; //B 0..1

    // assuming sRGB (D65)
    if (r <= 0.04045)
        r = r / 12;
    else
        r = (float) Math.pow((r + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);

    if (g <= 0.04045)
        g = g / 12;
    else
        g = (float) Math.pow((g + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);

    if (b <= 0.04045)
        b = b / 12;
    else
        b = (float) Math.pow((b + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);


    X = 0.436052025f * r + 0.385081593f * g + 0.143087414f * b;
    Y = 0.222491598f * r + 0.71688606f * g + 0.060621486f * b;
    Z = 0.013929122f * r + 0.097097002f * g + 0.71418547f * b;

    // XYZ to Lab
    xr = X / Xr;
    yr = Y / Yr;
    zr = Z / Zr;

    if (xr > eps)
        fx = (float) Math.pow(xr, 1 / 3.);
    else
        fx = (float) ((k * xr + 16.) / 116.);

    if (yr > eps)
        fy = (float) Math.pow(yr, 1 / 3.);
    else
        fy = (float) ((k * yr + 16.) / 116.);

    if (zr > eps)
        fz = (float) Math.pow(zr, 1 / 3.);
    else
        fz = (float) ((k * zr + 16.) / 116);

    Ls = (116 * fy) - 16;
    as = 500 * (fx - fy);
    bs = 200 * (fy - fz);

    int[] lab = new int[3];
    lab[0] = (int) (2.55 * Ls + .5);
    lab[1] = (int) (as + .5);
    lab[2] = (int) (bs + .5);
    return lab;
}

/**
 * Computes the difference between two RGB colors by converting them to the L*a*b scale and
 * comparing them using the CIE76 algorithm { http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_difference#CIE76}
 */
public static double getColorDifference(int a, int b) {
    int r1, g1, b1, r2, g2, b2;
    r1 = Color.red(a);
    g1 = Color.green(a);
    b1 = Color.blue(a);
    r2 = Color.red(b);
    g2 = Color.green(b);
    b2 = Color.blue(b);
    int[] lab1 = rgb2lab(r1, g1, b1);
    int[] lab2 = rgb2lab(r2, g2, b2);
    return Math.sqrt(Math.pow(lab2[0] - lab1[0], 2) + Math.pow(lab2[1] - lab1[1], 2) + Math.pow(lab2[2] - lab1[2], 2));
}
}

如果你有两个颜色对象c1和c2，你可以比较c1和c2的每个RGB值。

int diffRed   = Math.abs(c1.getRed()   - c2.getRed());
int diffGreen = Math.abs(c1.getGreen() - c2.getGreen());
int diffBlue  = Math.abs(c1.getBlue()  - c2.getBlue());

你可以将这些值除以饱和度的差异(255)，你就会得到两者之间的差异。

float pctDiffRed   = (float)diffRed   / 255;
float pctDiffGreen = (float)diffGreen / 255;
float pctDiffBlue   = (float)diffBlue  / 255;

之后你就可以找到平均色差的百分比。

(pctDiffRed + pctDiffGreen + pctDiffBlue) / 3 * 100

这就得到了c和c之间的百分比差。

The best way is deltaE. DeltaE is a number that shows the difference of the colors. If deltae < 1 then the difference can't recognize by human eyes. I wrote a code in canvas and js for converting rgb to lab and then calculating delta e. On this example the code is recognising pixels which have different color with a base color that I saved as LAB1. and then if it is different makes those pixels red. You can increase or reduce the sensitivity of the color difference with increae or decrease the acceptable range of delta e. In this example I assigned 10 for deltaE in the line that I wrote (deltae <= 10):

<script>   
  var constants = {
    canvasWidth: 700, // In pixels.
    canvasHeight: 600, // In pixels.
    colorMap: new Array() 
          };



  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  function fillcolormap(imageObj1) {


    function rgbtoxyz(red1,green1,blue1){ // a converter for converting rgb model to xyz model
 var red2 = red1/255;
 var green2 = green1/255;
 var blue2 = blue1/255;
 if(red2>0.04045){
      red2 = (red2+0.055)/1.055;
      red2 = Math.pow(red2,2.4);
 }
 else{
      red2 = red2/12.92;
 }
 if(green2>0.04045){
      green2 = (green2+0.055)/1.055;
      green2 = Math.pow(green2,2.4);    
 }
 else{
      green2 = green2/12.92;
 }
 if(blue2>0.04045){
      blue2 = (blue2+0.055)/1.055;
      blue2 = Math.pow(blue2,2.4);    
 }
 else{
      blue2 = blue2/12.92;
 }
 red2 = (red2*100);
 green2 = (green2*100);
 blue2 = (blue2*100);
 var x = (red2 * 0.4124) + (green2 * 0.3576) + (blue2 * 0.1805);
 var y = (red2 * 0.2126) + (green2 * 0.7152) + (blue2 * 0.0722);
 var z = (red2 * 0.0193) + (green2 * 0.1192) + (blue2 * 0.9505);
 var xyzresult = new Array();
 xyzresult[0] = x;
 xyzresult[1] = y;
 xyzresult[2] = z;
 return(xyzresult);
} //end of rgb_to_xyz function
function xyztolab(xyz){ //a convertor from xyz to lab model
 var x = xyz[0];
 var y = xyz[1];
 var z = xyz[2];
 var x2 = x/95.047;
 var y2 = y/100;
 var z2 = z/108.883;
 if(x2>0.008856){
      x2 = Math.pow(x2,1/3);
 }
 else{
      x2 = (7.787*x2) + (16/116);
 }
 if(y2>0.008856){
      y2 = Math.pow(y2,1/3);
 }
 else{
      y2 = (7.787*y2) + (16/116);
 }
 if(z2>0.008856){
      z2 = Math.pow(z2,1/3);
 }
 else{
      z2 = (7.787*z2) + (16/116);
 }
 var l= 116*y2 - 16;
 var a= 500*(x2-y2);
 var b= 200*(y2-z2);
 var labresult = new Array();
 labresult[0] = l;
 labresult[1] = a;
 labresult[2] = b;
 return(labresult);

}

    var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
    var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
    var imageX = 0;
    var imageY = 0;

    context.drawImage(imageObj1, imageX, imageY, 240, 140);
    var imageData = context.getImageData(0, 0, 240, 140);
    var data = imageData.data;
    var n = data.length;
   // iterate over all pixels

    var m = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < n; i += 4) {
      var red = data[i];
      var green = data[i + 1];
      var blue = data[i + 2];
    var xyzcolor = new Array();
    xyzcolor = rgbtoxyz(red,green,blue);
    var lab = new Array();
    lab = xyztolab(xyzcolor);
    constants.colorMap.push(lab); //fill up the colormap array with lab colors.         
      } 

  }

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    function colorize(pixqty) {

         function deltae94(lab1,lab2){    //calculating Delta E 1994

         var c1 = Math.sqrt((lab1[1]*lab1[1])+(lab1[2]*lab1[2]));
         var c2 =  Math.sqrt((lab2[1]*lab2[1])+(lab2[2]*lab2[2]));
         var dc = c1-c2;
         var dl = lab1[0]-lab2[0];
         var da = lab1[1]-lab2[1];
         var db = lab1[2]-lab2[2];
         var dh = Math.sqrt((da*da)+(db*db)-(dc*dc));
         var first = dl;
         var second = dc/(1+(0.045*c1));
         var third = dh/(1+(0.015*c1));
         var deresult = Math.sqrt((first*first)+(second*second)+(third*third));
         return(deresult);
          } // end of deltae94 function
    var lab11 =  new Array("80","-4","21");
    var lab12 = new Array();
    var k2=0;
    var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
                                        var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
                                        var imageData = context.getImageData(0, 0, 240, 140);
                                        var data = imageData.data;

    for (var i=0; i<pixqty; i++) {

    lab12 = constants.colorMap[i];

    var deltae = deltae94(lab11,lab12);     
                                        if (deltae <= 10) {

                                        data[i*4] = 255;
                                        data[(i*4)+1] = 0;
                                        data[(i*4)+2] = 0;  
                                        k2++;
                                        } // end of if 
                                } //end of for loop
    context.clearRect(0,0,240,140);
    alert(k2);
    context.putImageData(imageData,0,0);
} 
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

$(window).load(function () {    
  var imageObj = new Image();
  imageObj.onload = function() {
  fillcolormap(imageObj);    
  }
  imageObj.src = './mixcolor.png';
});

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 var pixno2 = 240*140; 
 </script>

Android for ColorUtils API RGBToHSL 我有两个int argb颜色(color1, color2)，我想要得到两种颜色之间的距离/差异。这是我所做的;

private float getHue(int color) {
    int R = (color >> 16) & 0xff;
    int G = (color >>  8) & 0xff;
    int B = (color      ) & 0xff;
    float[] colorHue = new float[3];
    ColorUtils.RGBToHSL(R, G, B, colorHue);
    return colorHue[0];
}

然后我使用下面的代码来查找两种颜色之间的距离。

private float getDistance(getHue(color1), getHue(color2)) {
    float avgHue = (hue1 + hue2)/2;
    return Math.abs(hue1 - avgHue);
}