下面是一个c#静态泛型方法，它可以为您完成这项工作。变量的名称很好，所以您可以很容易地理解算法的思想。

private static T[,] Rotate180 <T> (T[,] matrix)
{
    var height = matrix.GetLength (0);
    var width = matrix.GetLength (1);
    var answer = new T[height, width];

    for (int y = 0; y < height / 2; y++)
    {
        int topY = y;
        int bottomY = height - 1 - y;
        for (int topX = 0; topX < width; topX++)
        {
            var bottomX = width - topX - 1;
            answer[topY, topX] = matrix[bottomY, bottomX];
            answer[bottomY, bottomX] = matrix[topY, topX];
        }
    }

    if (height % 2 == 0)
        return answer;

    var centerY = height / 2;
    for (int leftX = 0; leftX < Mathf.CeilToInt(width / 2f); leftX++)
    {
        var rightX = width - 1 - leftX;
        answer[centerY, leftX] = matrix[centerY, rightX];
        answer[centerY, rightX] = matrix[centerY, leftX];
    }

    return answer;
}

JavaScript解决方案旋转矩阵90度的地方:

function rotateBy90(m) {
  var length = m.length;
  //for each layer of the matrix
  for (var first = 0; first < length >> 1; first++) {
    var last = length - 1 - first;
    for (var i = first; i < last; i++) {
      var top = m[first][i]; //store top
      m[first][i] = m[last - i][first]; //top = left
      m[last - i][first] = m[last][last - i]; //left = bottom
      m[last][last - i] = m[i][last]; //bottom = right
      m[i][last] = top; //right = top
    }
  }
  return m;
}

在Eigen (c++)中:

Eigen::Matrix2d mat;
mat <<  1, 2,
        3, 4;
std::cout << mat << "\n\n";

Eigen::Matrix2d r_plus_90 = mat.transpose().rowwise().reverse();
std::cout << r_plus_90 << "\n\n";

Eigen::Matrix2d r_minus_90 = mat.transpose().colwise().reverse();
std::cout << r_minus_90 << "\n\n";

Eigen::Matrix2d r_180 = mat.colwise().reverse().rowwise().reverse(); // +180 same as -180
std::cout << r_180 << "\n\n";

输出:

1 2
3 4

3 1
4 2

2 4
1 3

4 3
2 1

在python中:

import numpy as np

a = np.array(
    [
        [1, 2, 3, 4],
        [5, 6, 7, 8],
        [9, 0, 1, 2],
        [3, 4, 5, 6]
    ]
)

print(a)
print(b[::-1, :].T)

顺时针或逆时针旋转2D数组的常用方法。

顺时针旋转 首先颠倒上下，然后交换对称 1 2 3 7 8 9 7 4 4 5 6 => 4 5 6 => 8 5 7 8 9 1 2 3 9 6 3

void rotate(vector<vector<int> > &matrix) {
    reverse(matrix.begin(), matrix.end());
    for (int i = 0; i < matrix.size(); ++i) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < matrix[i].size(); ++j)
            swap(matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i]);
    }
}

逆时针方向旋转 首先从左到右反向，然后交换对称 1 2 3 3 2 1 3 6 9 4 5 6 => 6 5 4 => 2 5 7 8 9 9 8 7 1 4 7

void anti_rotate(vector<vector<int> > &matrix) {
    for (auto vi : matrix) reverse(vi.begin(), vi.end());
    for (int i = 0; i < matrix.size(); ++i) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < matrix[i].size(); ++j)
            swap(matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i]);
    }
}

你可以通过3个简单步骤做到这一点:

1)假设我们有一个矩阵

   1 2 3
   4 5 6
   7 8 9

2)求矩阵的转置

   1 4 7
   2 5 8
   3 6 9

3)交换行得到旋转矩阵

   3 6 9
   2 5 8
   1 4 7

Java源代码:

public class MyClass {

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Demo obj = new Demo();
        /*initial matrix to rotate*/
        int[][] matrix = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 }, { 7, 8, 9 } };
        int[][] transpose = new int[3][3]; // matrix to store transpose

        obj.display(matrix);              // initial matrix

        obj.rotate(matrix, transpose);    // call rotate method
        System.out.println();
        obj.display(transpose);           // display the rotated matix
    }
}

class Demo {   
    public void rotate(int[][] mat, int[][] tran) {

        /* First take the transpose of the matrix */
        for (int i = 0; i < mat.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < mat.length; j++) {
                tran[i][j] = mat[j][i]; 
            }
        }

        /*
         * Interchange the rows of the transpose matrix to get rotated
         * matrix
         */
        for (int i = 0, j = tran.length - 1; i != j; i++, j--) {
            for (int k = 0; k < tran.length; k++) {
                swap(i, k, j, k, tran);
            }
        }
    }

    public void swap(int a, int b, int c, int d, int[][] arr) {
        int temp = arr[a][b];
        arr[a][b] = arr[c][d];
        arr[c][d] = temp;    
    }

    /* Method to display the matrix */
    public void display(int[][] arr) {
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {
                System.out.print(arr[i][j] + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

输出:

1 2 3 
4 5 6 
7 8 9 

3 6 9 
2 5 8 
1 4 7