The protected keyword specifies access to class members in the member-list up to the next access specifier (public or private) or the end of the class definition. Class members declared as protected can be used only by the following: Member functions of the class that originally declared these members. Friends of the class that originally declared these members. Classes derived with public or protected access from the class that originally declared these members. Direct privately derived classes that also have private access to protected members. When preceding the name of a base class, the protected keyword specifies that the public and protected members of the base class are protected members of its derived classes. Protected members are not as private as private members, which are accessible only to members of the class in which they are declared, but they are not as public as public members, which are accessible in any function. Protected members that are also declared as static are accessible to any friend or member function of a derived class. Protected members that are not declared as static are accessible to friends and member functions in a derived class only through a pointer to, reference to, or object of the derived class.

保护(c++)

由于不需要公共成员函数来获取和更新派生类中的受保护成员，这提高了代码的效率，并减少了需要编写的代码量。然而，派生类的程序员应该知道他在做什么。

与私有属性和方法不同，标记为受保护的属性和方法在子类中仍然可见。

除非您不想在可能的子类中使用或提供重写该方法的可能性，否则我会将它们设为private。

MFC偏爱protected的原因是因为它是一个框架。您可能想要子类化MFC类，在这种情况下，需要一个受保护的接口来访问类的一般用途不可见的方法。

The protected keyword specifies access to class members in the member-list up to the next access specifier (public or private) or the end of the class definition. Class members declared as protected can be used only by the following: Member functions of the class that originally declared these members. Friends of the class that originally declared these members. Classes derived with public or protected access from the class that originally declared these members. Direct privately derived classes that also have private access to protected members. When preceding the name of a base class, the protected keyword specifies that the public and protected members of the base class are protected members of its derived classes. Protected members are not as private as private members, which are accessible only to members of the class in which they are declared, but they are not as public as public members, which are accessible in any function. Protected members that are also declared as static are accessible to any friend or member function of a derived class. Protected members that are not declared as static are accessible to friends and member functions in a derived class only through a pointer to, reference to, or object of the derived class.

保护(c++)

Private:可由类成员函数和好友函数或好友类访问。 对于c++类，这是默认的访问说明符。

Protected:可由类成员函数、友元函数或友元类及派生类访问。

您可以根据需要将类成员变量或函数(甚至是typedefs或内部类)保留为私有或受保护。 大多数情况下，保持类成员为私有，并添加get/set函数进行封装。这有助于代码的维护。 一般来说，当你想要保持公共函数模块化或消除重复代码而不是将整个代码写入单个函数时，就会使用私有函数。这有助于代码的维护。

更多细节请参考这个链接。