生成器函数，生成器对象，生成器:

Generator函数就像Python中的常规函数一样，但它包含一个或多个yield语句。Generator函数是一个很好的工具，可以尽可能简单地创建Iterator对象。generator函数返回的Iterator对象也称为generator对象或generator。

在这个例子中，我创建了一个Generator函数，它返回一个Generator对象< Generator对象fib at 0x01342480>。就像其他迭代器一样，Generator对象可以在for循环中使用，也可以与从Generator返回下一个值的内置函数next()一起使用。

def fib(max):
    a, b = 0, 1
    for i in range(max):
        yield a
        a, b = b, a + b
print(fib(10))             #<generator object fib at 0x01342480>

for i in fib(10):
    print(i)               # 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34


print(next(myfib))         #0
print(next(myfib))         #1
print(next(myfib))         #1
print(next(myfib))         #2

因此，生成器函数是创建Iterator对象的最简单方法。

迭代器:

每个生成器对象都是迭代器，反之亦然。如果自定义迭代器对象的类实现了__iter__和__next__方法(也称为迭代器协议)，则可以创建自定义迭代器对象。

然而，使用生成器函数来创建迭代器要容易得多，因为它们简化了迭代器的创建，但是自定义迭代器给了你更多的自由，你也可以根据你的需求实现其他方法，如下面的例子所示。

class Fib:
    def __init__(self,max):
        self.current=0
        self.next=1
        self.max=max
        self.count=0

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        if self.count>self.max:
            raise StopIteration
        else:
            self.current,self.next=self.next,(self.current+self.next)
            self.count+=1
            return self.next-self.current

    def __str__(self):
        return "Generator object"

itobj=Fib(4)
print(itobj)               #Generator object

for i in Fib(4):  
    print(i)               #0 1 1 2

print(next(itobj))         #0
print(next(itobj))         #1
print(next(itobj))         #1

如果没有另外两个概念:可迭代对象和迭代器协议，就很难回答这个问题。

What is difference between iterator and iterable? Conceptually you iterate over iterable with the help of corresponding iterator. There are a few differences that can help to distinguish iterator and iterable in practice: One difference is that iterator has __next__ method, iterable does not. Another difference - both of them contain __iter__ method. In case of iterable it returns the corresponding iterator. In case of iterator it returns itself. This can help to distinguish iterator and iterable in practice.

>>> x = [1, 2, 3]
>>> dir(x) 
[... __iter__ ...]
>>> x_iter = iter(x)
>>> dir(x_iter)
[... __iter__ ... __next__ ...]
>>> type(x_iter)
list_iterator

What are iterables in python? list, string, range etc. What are iterators? enumerate, zip, reversed etc. We may check this using the approach above. It's kind of confusing. Probably it would be easier if we have only one type. Is there any difference between range and zip? One of the reasons to do this - range has a lot of additional functionality - we may index it or check if it contains some number etc. (see details here). How can we create an iterator ourselves? Theoretically we may implement Iterator Protocol (see here). We need to write __next__ and __iter__ methods and raise StopIteration exception and so on (see Alex Martelli's answer for an example and possible motivation, see also here). But in practice we use generators. It seems to be by far the main method to create iterators in python.

我可以给你一些更有趣的例子，展示这些概念在实践中的一些令人困惑的用法:

in keras we have tf.keras.preprocessing.image.ImageDataGenerator; this class doesn't have __next__ and __iter__ methods; so it's not an iterator (or generator); if you call its flow_from_dataframe() method you'll get DataFrameIterator that has those methods; but it doesn't implement StopIteration (which is not common in build-in iterators in python); in documentation we may read that "A DataFrameIterator yielding tuples of (x, y)" - again confusing usage of terminology; we also have Sequence class in keras and that's custom implementation of a generator functionality (regular generators are not suitable for multithreading) but it doesn't implement __next__ and __iter__, rather it's a wrapper around generators (it uses yield statement);

我用一种非常简单的方式专门为Python新手编写，尽管Python在本质上做了很多事情。

让我们从最基本的开始:

考虑一个列表，

l = [1,2,3]

让我们写一个等效函数:

def f():
    return [1,2,3]

打印(l)的O /p: [1,2,3] & O /p打印(f()): [1,2,3]

让列表l可迭代:在python中，列表总是可迭代的，这意味着你可以在任何你想要的时候应用迭代器。

让我们在list上应用迭代器:

iter_l = iter(l) # iterator applied explicitly

让我们把一个函数设为可迭代的，也就是说，写一个等效的生成器函数。 在python中，只要你引入关键字yield;它变成了一个生成器函数，迭代器将隐式应用。

注意:每个生成器在应用隐式迭代器时总是可迭代的，这里隐式迭代器是关键 因此生成器函数将是:

def f():
  yield 1 
  yield 2
  yield 3

iter_f = f() # which is iter(f) as iterator is already applied implicitly

如果你观察到，一旦你让函数f成为一个生成器，它就已经是iter(f)

Now,

L是列表，在应用迭代器方法iter后，它变成， iter(左) F已经是iter(F)，在应用迭代器方法“iter”它 变成iter(iter(f))也就是iter(f)

这有点像你将int类型转换为int(x)它已经是int类型并且它将保持int(x)

例如o/p:

print(type(iter(iter(l))))

is

<class 'list_iterator'>

别忘了这是Python而不是C或c++

因此，由上述解释得出的结论是:

列出l ~= iter(l) 生成函数f == iter(f)

每个人都有一个非常漂亮和冗长的答案，我真的很感激。我只是想给那些在概念上还不太清楚的人一个简短的回答:

If you create your own iterator, it is a little bit involved - you have to create a class and at least implement the iter and the next methods. But what if you don't want to go through this hassle and want to quickly create an iterator. Fortunately, Python provides a short-cut way to defining an iterator. All you need to do is define a function with at least 1 call to yield and now when you call that function it will return "something" which will act like an iterator (you can call next method and use it in a for loop). This something has a name in Python called Generator

希望这能澄清一点。

迭代器是使用next()方法获取序列的以下值的对象。

生成器是使用yield关键字生成或生成值序列的函数。

由生成器函数(下面的ex: foo())返回的生成器对象(下面的ex: f)上的每个next()方法调用，都会生成序列中的下一个值。

当调用生成器函数时，它返回一个生成器对象，甚至不需要开始执行该函数。当第一次调用next()方法时，函数开始执行，直到到达yield语句，该语句返回yield值。收益率会跟踪发生了什么，也就是说，它会记住最后一次执行。其次，next()调用从前一个值开始。

下面的示例演示生成器对象上yield和对next方法的调用之间的相互作用。

>>> def foo():
...     print("begin")
...     for i in range(3):
...         print("before yield", i)
...         yield i
...         print("after yield", i)
...     print("end")
...
>>> f = foo()
>>> next(f)
begin
before yield 0            # Control is in for loop
0
>>> next(f)
after yield 0             
before yield 1            # Continue for loop
1
>>> next(f)
after yield 1
before yield 2
2
>>> next(f)
after yield 2
end
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
StopIteration

无代码4行小抄:

A generator function is a function with yield in it.

A generator expression is like a list comprehension. It uses "()" vs "[]"

A generator object (often called 'a generator') is returned by both above.

A generator is also a subtype of iterator.