这篇文章涵盖了两者之间的许多细节差异，但想在两者之间的概念差异上添加一些东西:

[…GoF书中定义的迭代器从集合中检索项，而生成器可以“凭空”生成项。这就是为什么斐波那契序列生成器是一个常见的例子:无限级数的数字不能存储在一个集合中。

Ramalho,卢西亚诺。流利的Python(第415页)。O ' reilly媒体。Kindle版。

当然，它并没有涵盖所有的方面，但我认为它给出了一个很好的概念，当一个人是有用的。

iterator是一个更通用的概念:任何具有__next__方法(Python 2中的next)和__iter__方法且返回self的对象。

每个生成器都是迭代器，反之亦然。生成器是通过调用具有一个或多个yield表达式(yield语句，在Python 2.5及更早版本中)的函数来构建的，它是一个满足上一段对迭代器定义的对象。

当你需要一个具有复杂状态维护行为的类，或者想公开__next__(以及__iter__和__init__)之外的其他方法时，你可能想使用自定义迭代器，而不是生成器。大多数情况下，一个生成器(有时，对于足够简单的需求，一个生成器表达式)就足够了，而且编码更简单，因为状态维护(在合理的范围内)基本上是由框架挂起和恢复“为您完成”的。

例如，一个生成器，如:

def squares(start, stop):
    for i in range(start, stop):
        yield i * i

generator = squares(a, b)

或等效的生成器表达式(genexp)

generator = (i*i for i in range(a, b))

将需要更多的代码来构建自定义迭代器:

class Squares(object):
    def __init__(self, start, stop):
       self.start = start
       self.stop = stop
    def __iter__(self): return self
    def __next__(self): # next in Python 2
       if self.start >= self.stop:
           raise StopIteration
       current = self.start * self.start
       self.start += 1
       return current

iterator = Squares(a, b)

但是，当然，使用类Squares，你可以很容易地提供额外的方法。

def current(self):
    return self.start

如果您的应用程序中确实需要这些额外的功能。

强烈推荐Ned Batchelder的迭代器和生成器示例

一个没有生成器的方法，它对偶数进行处理

def evens(stream):
   them = []
   for n in stream:
      if n % 2 == 0:
         them.append(n)
   return them

而通过使用发电机

def evens(stream):
    for n in stream:
        if n % 2 == 0:
            yield n

我们不需要任何列表或返回语句 有效的大/无限长的流…它只是走动并产生值

调用evens方法(生成器)和往常一样

num = [...]
for n in evens(num):
   do_smth(n)

发电机也用于打破双环

迭代器

满页的书是可迭代对象，书签是可迭代对象 迭代器

而这个书签除了下一步移动什么也做不了

litr = iter([1,2,3])
next(litr) ## 1
next(litr) ## 2
next(litr) ## 3
next(litr) ## StopIteration  (Exception) as we got end of the iterator

使用生成器…我们需要一个函数

使用迭代器…我们需要next和iter

如前所述:

Generator函数返回一个迭代器对象

Iterator的全部好处:

每次在内存中存储一个元素

迭代器是使用next()方法获取序列的以下值的对象。

生成器是使用yield关键字生成或生成值序列的函数。

由生成器函数(下面的ex: foo())返回的生成器对象(下面的ex: f)上的每个next()方法调用，都会生成序列中的下一个值。

当调用生成器函数时，它返回一个生成器对象，甚至不需要开始执行该函数。当第一次调用next()方法时，函数开始执行，直到到达yield语句，该语句返回yield值。收益率会跟踪发生了什么，也就是说，它会记住最后一次执行。其次，next()调用从前一个值开始。

下面的示例演示生成器对象上yield和对next方法的调用之间的相互作用。

>>> def foo():
...     print("begin")
...     for i in range(3):
...         print("before yield", i)
...         yield i
...         print("after yield", i)
...     print("end")
...
>>> f = foo()
>>> next(f)
begin
before yield 0            # Control is in for loop
0
>>> next(f)
after yield 0             
before yield 1            # Continue for loop
1
>>> next(f)
after yield 1
before yield 2
2
>>> next(f)
after yield 2
end
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
StopIteration

对于相同的数据，你可以比较两种方法:

def myGeneratorList(n):
    for i in range(n):
        yield i

def myIterableList(n):
    ll = n*[None]
    for i in range(n):
        ll[i] = i
    return ll

# Same values
ll1 = myGeneratorList(10)
ll2 = myIterableList(10)
for i1, i2 in zip(ll1, ll2):
    print("{} {}".format(i1, i2))

# Generator can only be read once
ll1 = myGeneratorList(10)
ll2 = myIterableList(10)

print("{} {}".format(len(list(ll1)), len(ll2)))
print("{} {}".format(len(list(ll1)), len(ll2)))

# Generator can be read several times if converted into iterable
ll1 = list(myGeneratorList(10))
ll2 = myIterableList(10)

print("{} {}".format(len(list(ll1)), len(ll2)))
print("{} {}".format(len(list(ll1)), len(ll2)))

此外，如果检查内存占用，生成器占用的内存要少得多，因为它不需要同时将所有值存储在内存中。

如果没有另外两个概念:可迭代对象和迭代器协议，就很难回答这个问题。

What is difference between iterator and iterable? Conceptually you iterate over iterable with the help of corresponding iterator. There are a few differences that can help to distinguish iterator and iterable in practice: One difference is that iterator has __next__ method, iterable does not. Another difference - both of them contain __iter__ method. In case of iterable it returns the corresponding iterator. In case of iterator it returns itself. This can help to distinguish iterator and iterable in practice.

>>> x = [1, 2, 3]
>>> dir(x) 
[... __iter__ ...]
>>> x_iter = iter(x)
>>> dir(x_iter)
[... __iter__ ... __next__ ...]
>>> type(x_iter)
list_iterator

What are iterables in python? list, string, range etc. What are iterators? enumerate, zip, reversed etc. We may check this using the approach above. It's kind of confusing. Probably it would be easier if we have only one type. Is there any difference between range and zip? One of the reasons to do this - range has a lot of additional functionality - we may index it or check if it contains some number etc. (see details here). How can we create an iterator ourselves? Theoretically we may implement Iterator Protocol (see here). We need to write __next__ and __iter__ methods and raise StopIteration exception and so on (see Alex Martelli's answer for an example and possible motivation, see also here). But in practice we use generators. It seems to be by far the main method to create iterators in python.

我可以给你一些更有趣的例子，展示这些概念在实践中的一些令人困惑的用法:

in keras we have tf.keras.preprocessing.image.ImageDataGenerator; this class doesn't have __next__ and __iter__ methods; so it's not an iterator (or generator); if you call its flow_from_dataframe() method you'll get DataFrameIterator that has those methods; but it doesn't implement StopIteration (which is not common in build-in iterators in python); in documentation we may read that "A DataFrameIterator yielding tuples of (x, y)" - again confusing usage of terminology; we also have Sequence class in keras and that's custom implementation of a generator functionality (regular generators are not suitable for multithreading) but it doesn't implement __next__ and __iter__, rather it's a wrapper around generators (it uses yield statement);