Volatile只保证所有线程，甚至线程本身，都是递增的。例如:计数器在同一时间看到变量的同一面。它不是用来代替同步或原子或其他东西，它完全使读取同步。请不要将其与其他java关键字进行比较。如下例所示，volatile变量操作也是原子性的，它们会立即失败或成功。

package io.netty.example.telnet;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Main {

    public static volatile  int a = 0;
    public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException{

        List<Thread> list = new  ArrayList<Thread>();
        for(int i = 0 ; i<11 ;i++){
            list.add(new Pojo());
        }

        for (Thread thread : list) {
            thread.start();
        }

        Thread.sleep(20000);
        System.out.println(a);
    }
}
class Pojo extends Thread{
    int a = 10001;
    public void run() {
        while(a-->0){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            Main.a++;
            System.out.println("a = "+Main.a);
        }
    }
}

即使你放不放，结果也总会不一样。但是，如果您像下面那样使用AtomicInteger，结果将始终相同。同步也是如此。

    package io.netty.example.telnet;

    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

    public class Main {

        public static volatile  AtomicInteger a = new AtomicInteger(0);
        public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException{

            List<Thread> list = new  ArrayList<Thread>();
            for(int i = 0 ; i<11 ;i++){
                list.add(new Pojo());
            }

            for (Thread thread : list) {
                thread.start();
            }

            Thread.sleep(20000);
            System.out.println(a.get());

        }
    }
    class Pojo extends Thread{
        int a = 10001;
        public void run() {
            while(a-->0){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                Main.a.incrementAndGet();
                System.out.println("a = "+Main.a);
            }
        }
    }

如果您有一个多线程系统，这些多线程处理一些共享数据，这些线程将在它们自己的缓存中加载数据。如果我们不锁定资源，在一个线程中所做的任何更改都不会在另一个线程中可用。

使用锁定机制，我们可以添加对数据源的读/写访问。如果一个线程修改了数据源，该数据将存储在主存中而不是它的缓存中。当其他线程需要这个数据时，它们将从主存中读取它。这将显著增加延迟。

为了减少延迟，我们将变量声明为volatile。这意味着无论何时变量的值在任何处理器中被修改，其他线程都将被迫读取它。它仍然有一些延迟，但比从主存中读取要好。

每个访问volatile字段的线程在继续之前都会读取它的当前值，而不是(可能)使用缓存的值。

只有成员变量可以是易变的或瞬变的。

在我看来，除了停止线程之外，使用volatile关键字的两个重要场景是:

Double-checked locking mechanism. Used often in Singleton design pattern. In this the singleton object needs to be declared volatile. Spurious Wakeups. Thread may sometimes wake up from wait call even if no notify call has been issued. This behavior is called spurious wakeup. This can be countered by using a conditional variable (boolean flag). Put the wait() call in a while loop as long as the flag is true. So if thread wakes up from wait call due to any reasons other than Notify/NotifyAll then it encounters flag is still true and hence calls wait again. Prior to calling notify set this flag to true. In this case the boolean flag is declared as volatile.

挥发性(vɒlətʌɪl):在常温下容易挥发

关于volatile的重要一点:

Synchronization in Java is possible by using Java keywords synchronized and volatile and locks. In Java, we can not have synchronized variable. Using synchronized keyword with a variable is illegal and will result in compilation error. Instead of using the synchronized variable in Java, you can use the java volatile variable, which will instruct JVM threads to read the value of volatile variable from main memory and don’t cache it locally. If a variable is not shared between multiple threads then there is no need to use the volatile keyword.

源

volatile用法示例:

public class Singleton {
    private static volatile Singleton _instance; // volatile variable
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if (_instance == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton.class) {
                if (_instance == null)
                    _instance = new Singleton();
            }
        }
        return _instance;
    }
}

我们在第一个请求到来时惰性地创建实例。

如果我们不使_instance变量为volatile，那么创建Singleton实例的线程就不能与其他线程通信。因此，如果线程A正在创建单例实例，在创建后，CPU损坏等，所有其他线程将无法看到_instance的值不为空，他们将认为它仍然被分配为空。

为什么会发生这种情况?因为读线程不做任何锁，直到写线程从同步块中出来，内存不会被同步，_instance的值也不会在主存中更新。使用Java中的Volatile关键字，这是由Java本身处理的，这样的更新将对所有读取线程可见。

结论:volatile关键字也用于线程之间的内存内容通信。

without volatile的用法示例:

public class Singleton {    
    private static Singleton _instance;   //without volatile variable
    public static Singleton getInstance() {   
        if (_instance == null) {  
            synchronized(Singleton.class) {  
                if (_instance == null) 
                    _instance = new Singleton(); 
            } 
        }
        return _instance;  
    }
}

The code above is not thread-safe. Although it checks the value of instance once again within the synchronized block (for performance reasons), the JIT compiler can rearrange the bytecode in a way that the reference to the instance is set before the constructor has finished its execution. This means the method getInstance() returns an object that may not have been initialized completely. To make the code thread-safe, the keyword volatile can be used since Java 5 for the instance variable. Variables that are marked as volatile get only visible to other threads once the constructor of the object has finished its execution completely. Source

Java中不稳定的用法:

快速失败迭代器通常使用list对象上的volatile计数器实现。

当列表更新时，计数器会递增。 创建Iterator时，计数器的当前值嵌入到Iterator对象中。 当执行Iterator操作时，该方法比较两个计数器值，如果不相同则抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常。

故障安全迭代器的实现通常是轻量级的。它们通常依赖于特定列表实现的数据结构的属性。没有一般的模式。

…volatile修饰符保证任何读取字段的线程都能看到最近写入的值。——乔希·布洛赫 如果您正在考虑使用volatile，请仔细阅读java.util.concurrent包，它处理原子行为。 维基百科上关于单例模式的帖子显示了volatile的使用。