对于长变量和双变量类型的读写操作的处理，目前还没有人提及。读和写对于引用变量和大多数基本变量都是原子操作，长变量和双变量类型除外，它们必须使用volatile关键字作为原子操作。@link

如果您正在开发多线程应用程序，您将需要使用'volatile'关键字或'synchronized'以及您可能拥有的任何其他并发控制工具和技术。桌面应用就是这样一个例子。

If you are developing an application that would be deployed to application server (Tomcat, JBoss AS, Glassfish, etc) you don't have to handle concurrency control yourself as it already addressed by the application server. In fact, if I remembered correctly the Java EE standard prohibit any concurrency control in servlets and EJBs, since it is part of the 'infrastructure' layer which you supposed to be freed from handling it. You only do concurrency control in such app if you're implementing singleton objects. This even already addressed if you knit your components using frameworkd like Spring.

因此，在Java开发的大多数情况下，应用程序是一个web应用程序，并使用IoC框架，如Spring或EJB，你不需要使用'volatile'。

The volatile key when used with a variable, will make sure that threads reading this variable will see the same value . Now if you have multiple threads reading and writing to a variable, making the variable volatile will not be enough and data will be corrupted . Image threads have read the same value but each one has done some chages (say incremented a counter) , when writing back to the memory, data integrity is violated . That is why it is necessary to make the varible synchronized (diffrent ways are possible)

如果修改是由一个线程完成的，而其他线程只需要读取这个值，则volatile将是合适的。

下面是一个非常简单的代码，演示了volatile for variable的需求，它用于从其他线程控制线程执行(这是需要volatile的一个场景)。

// Code to prove importance of 'volatile' when state of one thread is being mutated from another thread.
// Try running this class with and without 'volatile' for 'state' property of Task class.
public class VolatileTest {
    public static void main(String[] a) throws Exception {
        Task task = new Task();
        new Thread(task).start();

        Thread.sleep(500);
        long stoppedOn = System.nanoTime();

        task.stop(); // -----> do this to stop the thread

        System.out.println("Stopping on: " + stoppedOn);
    }
}

class Task implements Runnable {
    // Try running with and without 'volatile' here
    private volatile boolean state = true;
    private int i = 0;

    public void stop() {
        state = false;
    } 

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(state) {
            i++;
        }
        System.out.println(i + "> Stopped on: " + System.nanoTime());
    }
}

当不使用volatile时:即使在“stop on: xxx”之后，你也永远不会看到“Stopped on: xxx”消息，并且程序继续运行。

Stopping on: 1895303906650500

当使用volatile时:你会立即看到'Stopped on: xxx'。

Stopping on: 1895285647980000
324565439> Stopped on: 1895285648087300

演示:https://repl.it/repls/SilverAgonizingObjectcode

…volatile修饰符保证任何读取字段的线程都能看到最近写入的值。——乔希·布洛赫 如果您正在考虑使用volatile，请仔细阅读java.util.concurrent包，它处理原子行为。 维基百科上关于单例模式的帖子显示了volatile的使用。

每个访问volatile字段的线程在继续之前都会读取它的当前值，而不是(可能)使用缓存的值。

只有成员变量可以是易变的或瞬变的。