请尝试这种方法.....

private Fragment getCurrentFragment(){
    FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
    String fragmentTag = fragmentManager.getBackStackEntryAt(fragmentManager.getBackStackEntryCount() - 1).getName();
    Fragment currentFragment = getSupportFragmentManager()
.findFragmentByTag(fragmentTag);
    return currentFragment;
}

有点奇怪，但我看了FragmentManager$FragmentManagerImpl和以下工作为我:

public static Fragment getActiveFragment(Activity activity, int index)
{
    Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
    String key = "i";
    bundle.putInt(key,index);
    Fragment fragment=null;
    try
    {
        fragment = activity.getFragmentManager().getFragment(bundle, key);
    } catch(Exception e){}
    return fragment;
}

要获得第一个活动片段，请使用0作为索引

In the main activity, the onAttachFragment(Fragment fragment) method is called when a new fragment is attached to the activity. In this method, you can get the instance of the current fragment. However, the onAttachFragment(Fragment fragment) method is not called when a fragment is popped off the back stack, ie, when the back button is pressed to get the top fragment on top of the stack. I am still looking for a callback method that is triggered in the main activity when a fragment becomes visible inside the activity.

受泰尼回答的启发，以下是我的观点。与大多数其他实现相比几乎没有修改。

private Fragment getCurrentFragment() {
    FragmentManager fragmentManager = myActivity.getSupportFragmentManager();
    int stackCount = fragmentManager.getBackStackEntryCount();
    if( fragmentManager.getFragments() != null ) return fragmentManager.getFragments().get( stackCount > 0 ? stackCount-1 : stackCount );
    else return null;
}

如果“myActivity”是您当前的活动，则将“myActivity”替换为“this”或使用对您的活动的引用。

您可以添加一个类变量selectedFragment，并且每次更改片段都更新该变量。

public Fragment selectedFragment;
public void changeFragment(Fragment newFragment){
    FragmentManager fragMgr = getSupportFragmentManager();
    FragmentTransaction fragTrans = fragMgr.beginTransaction();
    fragTrans.replace(android.R.id.content, newFragment);
    fragTrans.addToBackStack(null);
    fragTrans.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE);
    fragTrans.commit();
    //here you update the variable
    selectedFragment = newFragment;
}

然后你可以在任何你想要的地方使用selectedFragment

如果你有嵌套片段，如viewpagers内部viewpagers等 你想要得到所有嵌套的片段。

感谢Matt Mombrea的好意，回答一个稍微调整的版本。

private List<Fragment> getVisibleFragments(List<Fragment> searchFragments, List<Fragment> visibleFragments) {
    if (searchFragments != null && searchFragments.size() > 0) {
        for (Fragment fragment : searchFragments) {
            List<Fragment> nestedFragments = new ArrayList<>();
            List<Fragment> childFMFragments = fragment.getChildFragmentManager().getFragments();
            List<Fragment> fmFragments = fragment.getFragmentManager().getFragments();
            fmFragments.retainAll(childFMFragments);
            nestedFragments.addAll(childFMFragments);
            nestedFragments.addAll(fmFragments);
            getVisibleFragments(nestedFragments, visibleFragments);
            if (fragment != null && fragment.isVisible()) {
                visibleFragments.add(fragment);
            }
        }
    }
    return visibleFragments;
}

用法如下:

List<Fragment> allVisibleFragments = getVisibleFragments(searchFragments, visibleFragments);

例如:

List<Fragment> visibleFragments = new ArrayList<>();
List<Fragment> searchFragments = MainActivity.this.getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments();
Toast.makeText(this, ""+getVisibleFragments(searchFragments, visibleFragments), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();