使用ES6模块(最初由@d13提出)对我来说效果很好。它不能完美地模拟私有属性，但至少您可以确信，应该是私有的属性不会泄漏到类之外。这里有一个例子:

something.js

let _message = null;
const _greet = name => {
  console.log('Hello ' + name);
};

export default class Something {
  constructor(message) {
    _message = message;
  }

  say() {
    console.log(_message);
    _greet('Bob');
  }
};

然后消费代码可以是这样的:

import Something from './something.js';

const something = new Something('Sunny day!');
something.say();
something._message; // undefined
something._greet(); // exception

更新(重要):

正如@DanyalAytekin在评论中概述的那样，这些私有属性是静态的，因此在全球范围内。它们在处理单例对象时工作得很好，但在处理瞬态对象时必须小心。扩展上面的例子:

import Something from './something.js';
import Something2 from './something.js';

const a = new Something('a');
a.say(); // a

const b = new Something('b');
b.say(); // b

const c = new Something2('c');
c.say(); // c

a.say(); // c
b.say(); // c
c.say(); // c

更新:看别人的回答，这个已经过时了。

简单的回答，不，ES6类不支持私有属性。

但是你可以模仿这种行为，不将新属性附加到对象，而是将它们保存在类构造函数中，并使用getter和setter来获取隐藏的属性。注意，在类的每个新实例上重新定义getter和setter。

ES6

class Person {
    constructor(name) {
        var _name = name
        this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
        this.getName = function() { return _name; }
    }
}

ES5

function Person(name) {
    var _name = name
    this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
    this.getName = function() { return _name; }
}

哦，这么多奇异的解决方案!我通常不关心隐私，所以我使用“伪隐私”，正如这里所说的。但如果确实关心(如果有一些特殊的要求)，我会在这个例子中使用:

class jobImpl{
  // public
  constructor(name){
    this.name = name;
  }
  // public
  do(time){
    console.log(`${this.name} started at ${time}`);
    this.prepare();
    this.execute();
  }
  //public
  stop(time){
    this.finish();
    console.log(`${this.name} finished at ${time}`);
  }
  // private
  prepare(){ console.log('prepare..'); }
  // private
  execute(){ console.log('execute..'); }
  // private
  finish(){ console.log('finish..'); }
}

function Job(name){
  var impl = new jobImpl(name);
  return {
    do: time => impl.do(time),
    stop: time => impl.stop(time)
  };
}

// Test:
// create class "Job"
var j = new Job("Digging a ditch");
// call public members..
j.do("08:00am");
j.stop("06:00pm");

// try to call private members or fields..
console.log(j.name); // undefined
j.execute(); // error

函数(构造函数)的另一种可能实现:

function Job(name){
  var impl = new jobImpl(name);
  this.do = time => impl.do(time),
  this.stop = time => impl.stop(time)
}

我意识到这里有很多答案。我想分享我的解决方案，它确保了ES6类和旧JS中真正的私有变量。

var MyClass = (function() {
    var $ = new WeakMap();
    function priv(self) {
       var r = $.get(self);
       if (!r) $.set(self, r={});
       return r;
    }

    return class { /* use priv(this).prop inside your class */ } 
}();

外部世界无法访问$，这一事实确保了隐私。

当实例消失时，WeakMap将释放数据。

这肯定在纯Javascript中工作，我相信他们在ES6类中工作，但我还没有测试$将在成员方法的范围内可用。

这段代码演示了私有和公共、静态和非静态、实例级和类级、变量、方法和属性。

https://codesandbox.io/s/class-demo-837bj

class Animal { static count = 0 // class static public static #ClassPriVar = 3 // class static private constructor(kind) { this.kind = kind // instance public property Animal.count++ let InstancePriVar = 'InstancePriVar: ' + kind // instance private constructor-var log(InstancePriVar) Animal.#ClassPriVar += 3 this.adhoc = 'adhoc' // instance public property w/out constructor- parameter } #PawCount = 4 // instance private var set Paws(newPawCount) { // instance public prop this.#PawCount = newPawCount } get Paws() { // instance public prop return this.#PawCount } get GetPriVar() { // instance public prop return Animal.#ClassPriVar } static get GetPriVarStat() { // class public prop return Animal.#ClassPriVar } PrintKind() { // instance public method log('kind: ' + this.kind) } ReturnKind() { // instance public function return this.kind } /* May be unsupported get #PrivMeth(){ // instance private prop return Animal.#ClassPriVar + ' Private Method' } static get #PrivMeth(){ // class private prop return Animal.#ClassPriVar + ' Private Method' } */ } function log(str) { console.log(str) } // TESTING log(Animal.count) // static, avail w/out instance log(Animal.GetPriVarStat) // static, avail w/out instance let A = new Animal('Cat') log(Animal.count + ': ' + A.kind) log(A.GetPriVar) A.PrintKind() A.Paws = 6 log('Paws: ' + A.Paws) log('ReturnKind: ' + A.ReturnKind()) log(A.adhoc) let B = new Animal('Dog') log(Animal.count + ': ' + B.kind) log(B.GetPriVar) log(A.GetPriVar) // returns same as B.GetPriVar. Acts like a class-level property, but called like an instance-level property. It's cuz non-stat fx requires instance. log('class: ' + Animal.GetPriVarStat) // undefined log('instance: ' + B.GetPriVarStat) // static class fx log(Animal.GetPriVar) // non-stat instance fx log(A.InstancePriVar) // private log(Animal.InstancePriVar) // private instance var log('PawCount: ' + A.PawCount) // private. Use getter /* log('PawCount: ' + A.#PawCount) // private. Use getter log('PawCount: ' + Animal.#PawCount) // Instance and private. Use getter */

是的-你可以创建封装的属性，但它没有与访问修饰符(公共|私有)至少不是与ES6。

下面是一个简单的例子，如何用ES6完成:

用类词创建类

2在构造函数内部使用let OR const保留字声明块作用域变量->因为它们是块作用域，所以不能从外部访问(封装)

为了允许对这些变量进行一些访问控制(setter |getter)，你可以在它的构造函数中使用:this.methodName=function(){}语法声明实例方法

"use strict";
    class Something{
        constructor(){
            //private property
            let property="test";
            //private final (immutable) property
            const property2="test2";
            //public getter
            this.getProperty2=function(){
                return property2;
            }
            //public getter
            this.getProperty=function(){
                return property;
            }
            //public setter
            this.setProperty=function(prop){
                property=prop;
            }
        }
    }

现在让我们检查一下:

var s=new Something();
    console.log(typeof s.property);//undefined 
    s.setProperty("another");//set to encapsulated `property`
    console.log(s.getProperty());//get encapsulated `property` value
    console.log(s.getProperty2());//get encapsulated immutable `property2` value