TS提供了getter和setter，使对象属性能够更好地控制如何在对象外部访问(getter)或更新(setter)。不是直接访问或更新属性，而是调用代理函数。

例子:

class Person {
    constructor(name: string) {
        this._name = name;
    }

    private _name: string;

    get name() {
        return this._name;
    }

    // first checks the length of the name and then updates the name.
    set name(name: string) {
        if (name.length > 10) {
            throw new Error("Name has a max length of 10");
        }

        this._name = name;  
    }

    doStuff () {
        this._name = 'foofooooooofoooo';
    }


}

const person = new Person('Willem');

// doesn't throw error, setter function not called within the object method when this._name is changed
person.doStuff();  

// throws error because setter is called and name is longer than 10 characters
person.name = 'barbarbarbarbarbar';  

我想我大概知道为什么这么令人困惑了。在您的示例中，我们需要_name的getter和setter。但我们通过为不相关的类变量Name创建getter和setter来实现这一点。

考虑一下:

class Car {
    private tiresCount = 4;
    get yourCarTiresCount(){
        return this.tiresCount;
    }
    set yourCarTiresCount(count) {
        alert('You shouldn\'t change car tire count')
    }
}

上面的代码如下:

get和set为yourCarTiresCount创建getter和setter(不是为tiresCount)。

getter是:

function () {
    return this.tiresCount;
}

setter是:

function (count) {
    alert('You shouldn\'t change car tire count');
}

意思是，每次执行new Car()。yourCarTiresCount, getter运行。并且对于每一个新的Car(). yourcartirescount ('7') setter运行。

间接地为私有ti复述创建getter，而不是setter。

如果你正在使用TypeScript模块，并试图添加一个导出的getter，你可以这样做:

// dataStore.ts
export const myData: string = undefined;  // just for typing support
let _myData: string;  // for memoizing the getter results

Object.defineProperty(this, "myData", {
    get: (): string => {
        if (_myData === undefined) {
            _myData = "my data";  // pretend this took a long time
        }

        return _myData;
    },
});

然后，在另一个文件中:

import * as dataStore from "./dataStore"
console.log(dataStore.myData); // "my data"

如果你正在寻找在任何对象(不是类)上使用get和set的方法，代理可能是有用的: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Proxy

const target = {
  message1: "hello",
  message2: "everyone"
};

const handler3 = {
  get: function (target, prop, receiver) {
    if (prop === "message2") {
      return "world";
    }
    return Reflect.get(...arguments);
  },
};

const proxy3 = new Proxy(target, handler3);

console.log(proxy3.message1); // hello
console.log(proxy3.message2); // world

注意:请注意，这是不支持的新api，旧浏览器需要polifill

下面是一个工作示例，可以为你指明正确的方向:

class Foo {
    _name;

    get Name() {
        return this._name;
    }

    set Name(val) {
        this._name = val;
    }
}

JavaScript中的getter和setter只是普通的函数。setter是一个接受参数的函数，该参数的值就是被设置的值。

你可以这样写

class Human {
    private firstName : string;
    private lastName : string;

    constructor (
        public FirstName?:string, 
        public LastName?:string) {

    }

    get FirstName() : string {
        console.log("Get FirstName : ", this.firstName);
        return this.firstName;
    }
    set FirstName(value : string) {
        console.log("Set FirstName : ", value);
        this.firstName = value;
    } 

    get LastName() : string {
        console.log("Get LastName : ", this.lastName);
        return this.lastName;
    }
    set LastName(value : string) {
        console.log("Set LastName : ", value);
        this.lastName = value;
    } 

}