我在Android O操作系统上使用服务类。
我计划在后台使用服务。
Android文档指出
如果你的应用程序的API级别为26或更高,系统会对使用或创建后台服务施加限制,除非应用程序本身在前台。如果应用程序需要创建前台服务,应用程序应该调用startForegroundService()。
如果使用startForegroundService(),服务抛出以下错误。
Context.startForegroundService() did not then call
Service.startForeground()
这有什么问题?
我有一个解决这个问题的办法。我已经在自己的应用(DAU超过30万)中验证了这一修复方法,它至少可以减少95%的这种崩溃,但仍然不能100%避免这个问题。
即使您确保在服务启动后调用start前台(),也会发生此问题。这可能是因为在很多情况下,服务创建和初始化过程已经花费了超过5秒的时间,那么无论何时何地调用startForeground()方法,这个崩溃都是不可避免的。
我的解决方案是确保start前台()将在startForegroundService()方法后的5秒内执行,无论您的服务需要创建和初始化多长时间。下面是详细的解决方案。
Do not use startForegroundService at the first place, use bindService() with auto_create flag. It will wait for the service initialization. Here is the code, my sample service is MusicService:
final Context applicationContext = context.getApplicationContext();
Intent intent = new Intent(context, MusicService.class);
applicationContext.bindService(intent, new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
if (binder instanceof MusicBinder) {
MusicBinder musicBinder = (MusicBinder) binder;
MusicService service = musicBinder.getService();
if (service != null) {
// start a command such as music play or pause.
service.startCommand(command);
// force the service to run in foreground here.
// the service is already initialized when bind and auto_create.
service.forceForeground();
}
}
applicationContext.unbindService(this);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
}, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
Then here is MusicBinder implementation:
/**
* Use weak reference to avoid binder service leak.
*/
public class MusicBinder extends Binder {
private WeakReference<MusicService> weakService;
/**
* Inject service instance to weak reference.
*/
public void onBind(MusicService service) {
this.weakService = new WeakReference<>(service);
}
public MusicService getService() {
return weakService == null ? null : weakService.get();
}
}
The most important part, MusicService implementation, forceForeground() method will ensure that startForeground() method is called just after service start:
public class MusicService extends MediaBrowserServiceCompat {
...
private final MusicBinder musicBind = new MusicBinder();
...
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
musicBind.onBind(this);
return musicBind;
}
...
public void forceForeground() {
// API lower than 26 do not need this work around.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) {
Notification notification = mNotificationHandler.createNotification(this);
// call startForeground just after service start.
startForeground(Constants.NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);
}
}
}
If you want to run the step 1 code snippet in a pending intent, such as if you want to start a foreground service in a widget (a click on widget button) without opening your app, you can wrap the code snippet in a broadcast receiver, and fire a broadcast event instead of start service command.
仅此而已。希望能有所帮助。祝你好运。
服务
class TestService : Service() {
override fun onCreate() {
super.onCreate()
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate")
val nBuilder = NotificationCompat.Builder(this, "all")
.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_foreground)
.setContentTitle("TestService")
.setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_DEFAULT)
startForeground(1337, nBuilder.build())
}
override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
val rtn = super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId)
if (intent?.action == STOP_ACTION) {
Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand -> STOP")
stopForeground(true)
stopSelf()
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand -> START")
}
return rtn
}
override fun onDestroy() {
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy")
super.onDestroy()
}
override fun onBind(intent: Intent?): IBinder? = null
companion object {
private val TAG = "TestService"
private val STOP_ACTION = "ly.zen.test.TestService.ACTION_STOP"
fun start(context: Context) {
ContextCompat.startForegroundService(context, Intent(context, TestService::class.java))
}
fun stop(context: Context) {
val intent = Intent(context, TestService::class.java)
intent.action = STOP_ACTION
ContextCompat.startForegroundService(context, intent)
}
}
}
测试人员
val nChannel = NotificationChannel("all", "All", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_NONE)
val nManager = getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager
nManager.createNotificationChannel(nChannel)
start_test_service.setOnClickListener {
TestService.start(this@MainActivity)
TestService.stop(this@MainActivity)
}
结果
D/TestService: onCreate
D/TestService: onStartCommand -> START
D/TestService: onStartCommand -> STOP
D/TestService: onDestroy
我在Pixel 3和Android 11中遇到了一个问题,当我的服务运行得很短时,前台通知没有被取消。
在stopForeground() stopSelf()之前添加100ms的延迟似乎有所帮助。
人们在这里写道,stopprospect()应该在stopSelf()之前被调用。我不能确认,但我猜它不会费心去做。
public class AService extends Service {
@Override
public void onCreate() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
startForeground(
getForegroundNotificationId(),
channelManager.buildBackgroundInfoNotification(getNotificationTitle(), getNotificationText()),
ServiceInfo.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC);
} else {
startForeground(getForegroundNotificationId(),
channelManager.buildBackgroundInfoNotification(getNotificationTitle(), getNotificationText())
);
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
startForeground();
if (hasQueueMoreItems()) {
startWorkerThreads();
} else {
stopForeground(true);
stopSelf();
}
return START_STICKY;
}
private class WorkerRunnable implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
while (getItem() != null && !isLoopInterrupted) {
doSomething(getItem())
}
waitALittle();
stopForeground(true);
stopSelf();
}
private void waitALittle() {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
即使在Service中调用start前台之后,如果我们在onCreate调用之前调用stopService,它也会在某些设备上崩溃。
所以,我通过启动附加标志的服务来修复这个问题:
Intent intent = new Intent(context, YourService.class);
intent.putExtra("request_stop", true);
context.startService(intent);
并在onStartCommand中添加了一个检查,看看它是否已经开始停止:
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
//call startForeground first
if (intent != null) {
boolean stopService = intent.getBooleanExtra("request_stop", false);
if (stopService) {
stopSelf();
}
}
//Continue with the background task
return START_STICKY;
}
附注:如果服务没有运行,它将首先启动服务,这是一种开销。