https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/Context.html startForegroundService (android.content.Intent)

类似于startService(Intent)，但是有一个隐含的承诺 Service将调用start前台(int, android.app.Notification)一次 它开始运行。该服务被赋予了相当的时间 到ANR区间做这个，否则系统会 自动停止服务并声明应用程序ANR。 与普通的startService(Intent)不同，这个方法可以在 任何时候，不管托管服务的应用程序是否在 前景的国家。

一定要打电话给服务处。在onCreate()上的start前台(int, android.app.Notification)，所以你确保它将被调用..如果你有任何条件，可能会阻止你这样做，那么你最好使用正常的Context.startService(意图)并调用服务。start前台(int, android.app.Notification)你自己。

似乎Context.startForegroundService()添加了一个看门狗来确保你调用了服务。start前台(int, android.app.Notification)在它被销毁之前…

以下是谷歌在Android 8.0上的行为变化:

系统允许应用程序调用Context.startForegroundService()，即使应用程序处于后台。但是，应用程序必须在服务创建后的5秒内调用该服务的startForeground()方法。

解决方案: 在onCreate()中为你使用的服务调用start前台()

请参见:Android 8.0 (Oreo)的后台执行限制

我有一个解决这个问题的办法。我已经在自己的应用(DAU超过30万)中验证了这一修复方法，它至少可以减少95%的这种崩溃，但仍然不能100%避免这个问题。

即使您确保在服务启动后调用start前台()，也会发生此问题。这可能是因为在很多情况下，服务创建和初始化过程已经花费了超过5秒的时间，那么无论何时何地调用startForeground()方法，这个崩溃都是不可避免的。

我的解决方案是确保start前台()将在startForegroundService()方法后的5秒内执行，无论您的服务需要创建和初始化多长时间。下面是详细的解决方案。

Do not use startForegroundService at the first place, use bindService() with auto_create flag. It will wait for the service initialization. Here is the code, my sample service is MusicService: final Context applicationContext = context.getApplicationContext(); Intent intent = new Intent(context, MusicService.class); applicationContext.bindService(intent, new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) { if (binder instanceof MusicBinder) { MusicBinder musicBinder = (MusicBinder) binder; MusicService service = musicBinder.getService(); if (service != null) { // start a command such as music play or pause. service.startCommand(command); // force the service to run in foreground here. // the service is already initialized when bind and auto_create. service.forceForeground(); } } applicationContext.unbindService(this); } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } }, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); Then here is MusicBinder implementation: /** * Use weak reference to avoid binder service leak. */ public class MusicBinder extends Binder { private WeakReference<MusicService> weakService; /** * Inject service instance to weak reference. */ public void onBind(MusicService service) { this.weakService = new WeakReference<>(service); } public MusicService getService() { return weakService == null ? null : weakService.get(); } } The most important part, MusicService implementation, forceForeground() method will ensure that startForeground() method is called just after service start: public class MusicService extends MediaBrowserServiceCompat { ... private final MusicBinder musicBind = new MusicBinder(); ... @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { musicBind.onBind(this); return musicBind; } ... public void forceForeground() { // API lower than 26 do not need this work around. if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) { Notification notification = mNotificationHandler.createNotification(this); // call startForeground just after service start. startForeground(Constants.NOTIFICATION_ID, notification); } } } If you want to run the step 1 code snippet in a pending intent, such as if you want to start a foreground service in a widget (a click on widget button) without opening your app, you can wrap the code snippet in a broadcast receiver, and fire a broadcast event instead of start service command.

仅此而已。希望能有所帮助。祝你好运。

请不要在onCreate()方法中调用任何StartForgroundServices，你必须在onStartCommand()中调用StartForground services，否则你将总是得到ANR，所以请不要在onStartCommand()的主线程中编写复杂的登录;

public class Services extends Service {

    private static final String ANDROID_CHANNEL_ID = "com.xxxx.Location.Channel";
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }


    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this, ANDROID_CHANNEL_ID)
                    .setContentTitle(getString(R.string.app_name))
                    .setContentText("SmartTracker Running")
                    .setAutoCancel(true);
            Notification notification = builder.build();
            startForeground(1, notification);
            Log.e("home_button","home button");
        } else {
            NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
                    .setContentTitle(getString(R.string.app_name))
                    .setContentText("SmartTracker is Running...")
                    .setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_DEFAULT)
                    .setAutoCancel(true);
            Notification notification = builder.build();
            startForeground(1, notification);
            Log.e("home_button_value","home_button_value");

        }
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);

    }
}

编辑:小心!start前台函数不能以0作为第一个参数，它将引发异常!这个例子包含错误的函数调用，将0更改为你自己的const，它不能为0或大于Max(Int32)

现在在Android O，你可以设置后台限制如下

调用服务类的服务

Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(SettingActivity.this,DetectedService.class);
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
    SettingActivity.this.startForegroundService(serviceIntent);
} else {
    startService(serviceIntent);
}

服务类应该是这样的

public class DetectedService extends Service { 
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        return START_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        int NOTIFICATION_ID = (int) (System.currentTimeMillis()%10000);
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID, new Notification.Builder(this).build());
        }


        // Do whatever you want to do here
    }
}

此错误也发生在Android 8+服务时。start前台(int id, Notification Notification)在id设置为0时被调用。

id int:该通知的标识符，根据NotificationManager。通知(int、通知);一定不是0。