如何在Python中将彩色文本输出到终端?


当前回答

asciimatics为构建文本UI和动画提供了可移植的支持:

#!/usr/bin/env python
from asciimatics.effects import RandomNoise  # $ pip install asciimatics
from asciimatics.renderers import SpeechBubble, Rainbow
from asciimatics.scene import Scene
from asciimatics.screen import Screen
from asciimatics.exceptions import ResizeScreenError


def demo(screen):
    render = Rainbow(screen, SpeechBubble('Rainbow'))
    effects = [RandomNoise(screen, signal=render)]
    screen.play([Scene(effects, -1)], stop_on_resize=True)

while True:
    try:
        Screen.wrapper(demo)
        break
    except ResizeScreenError:
        pass

Asciicast:

其他回答

您可以使用curses库的Python实现:curses-字符单元显示的终端处理

此外,运行此程序,您将找到您的盒子:

for i in range(255):
    print i, chr(i)
class ColorText:
    """
    Use ANSI escape sequences to print colors +/- bold/underline to bash terminal.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> ColorText('HelloWorld').bold()
    >>> ColorText('HelloWorld').blue()
    >>> ColorText('HelloWorld').bold().custom("#bebebe")
    >>> ColorText('HelloWorld').underline().custom('dodgerblue')
    >>> ColorText.demo()

    Notes
    -----
    - execute ColorText.demo() for a printout of colors.
    """

    @classmethod
    def demo(cls):
        """Prints examples of all colors in normal, bold, underline, bold+underline."""
        for color in dir(ColorText):
            if all([color.startswith("_") is False,
                    color not in ["bold", "underline", "demo", "custom"],
                    callable(getattr(ColorText, color))]):
                print(getattr(ColorText(color), color)(),
                      "\t",
                      getattr(ColorText(f"bold {color}").bold(), color)(),
                      "\t",
                      getattr(ColorText(f"underline {color}").underline(), color)(),
                      "\t",
                      getattr(ColorText(f"bold underline {color}").underline().bold(), color)())
        print(ColorText("Input can also be color hex or R,G,B with ColorText.custom()").bold())
        pass

    def __init__(self, text: str = ""):
        self.text = text
        self.ending = "\033[0m"
        self.colors = []
        pass

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.text

    def __str__(self):
        return self.text

    def bold(self):
        self.text = "\033[1m" + self.text + self.ending
        return self

    def underline(self):
        self.text = "\033[4m" + self.text + self.ending
        return self

    def green(self):
        self.text = "\033[92m" + self.text + self.ending
        self.colors.append("green")
        return self

    def purple(self):
        self.text = "\033[95m" + self.text + self.ending
        self.colors.append("purple")
        return self

    def blue(self):
        self.text = "\033[94m" + self.text + self.ending
        self.colors.append("blue")
        return self

    def ltblue(self):
        self.text = "\033[34m" + self.text + self.ending
        self.colors.append("lightblue")
        return self

    def pink(self):
        self.text = "\033[35m" + self.text + self.ending
        self.colors.append("pink")
        return self

    def gray(self):
        self.text = "\033[30m" + self.text + self.ending
        self.colors.append("gray")
        return self

    def ltgray(self):
        self.text = "\033[37m" + self.text + self.ending
        self.colors.append("ltgray")
        return self

    def warn(self):
        self.text = "\033[93m" + self.text + self.ending
        self.colors.append("yellow")
        return self

    def fail(self):
        self.text = "\033[91m" + self.text + self.ending
        self.colors.append("red")
        return self

    def ltred(self):
        self.text = "\033[31m" + self.text + self.ending
        self.colors.append("lightred")
        return self

    def cyan(self):
        self.text = "\033[36m" + self.text + self.ending
        self.colors.append("cyan")
        return self

    def custom(self, *color_hex):
        """Print in custom color, `color_hex` - either actual hex, or tuple(r,g,b)"""
        if color_hex != (None, ):  # allows printing white on black background, black otherwise
            if len(color_hex) == 1:
                c = rgb2hex(colorConverter.to_rgb(color_hex[0]))
                rgb = ImageColor.getcolor(c, "RGB")
            else:
                assert (
                    len(color_hex) == 3
                ), "If not a color hex, ColorText.custom should have R,G,B as input"
                rgb = color_hex
            self.text = "\033[{};2;{};{};{}m".format(38, *rgb) + self.text + self.ending
            self.colors.append(rgb)
        return self

    pass

asciimatics为构建文本UI和动画提供了可移植的支持:

#!/usr/bin/env python
from asciimatics.effects import RandomNoise  # $ pip install asciimatics
from asciimatics.renderers import SpeechBubble, Rainbow
from asciimatics.scene import Scene
from asciimatics.screen import Screen
from asciimatics.exceptions import ResizeScreenError


def demo(screen):
    render = Rainbow(screen, SpeechBubble('Rainbow'))
    effects = [RandomNoise(screen, signal=render)]
    screen.play([Scene(effects, -1)], stop_on_resize=True)

while True:
    try:
        Screen.wrapper(demo)
        break
    except ResizeScreenError:
        pass

Asciicast:

您可以使用任何语言提供的shell转义字符。这些转义字符以ESC字符开头,后跟一些参数。

例如,要在终端中输出红色“Hello,World!”字符串:

echo "\e[31m Hello, World! \e[0m"

或者从Python脚本:

print("\e[31m Hello world \e[0m")

此外,我写了一篇关于Escape序列的文章,这可能会帮助您更好地理解这个机制。

这里有一个简单的函数,我使用它来打印彩色文本消息,而不必记住ANSI代码,而是使用标准RGB元组来定义前景和背景颜色。

def print_in_color(txt_msg, fore_tuple, back_tuple, ):
    # Prints the text_msg in the foreground color specified by fore_tuple with the background specified by back_tuple
    # text_msg is the text, fore_tuple is foreground color tuple (r,g,b), back_tuple is background tuple (r,g,b)
    rf,bf,gf = fore_tuple
    rb,gb,bb = back_tuple
    msg = '{0}' + txt_msg
    mat = '\33[38;2;' + str(rf) + ';' + str(gf) + ';' + str(bf) + ';48;2;' + str(rb) + ';' +str(gb) + ';' + str(bb) + 'm'
    print(msg .format(mat))
    print('\33[0m') # Returns default print color to back to black

# Example of use using a message with variables
fore_color = 'cyan'
back_color = 'dark green'
msg = 'foreground color is {0} and the background color is {1}'.format(fore_color, back_color)
print_in_color(msg, (0,255,255), (0,127,127))