我需要一个基本函数来求点到线段的最短距离。你可以随意用任何你想要的语言来编写解决方案;我可以把它翻译成什么我正在使用(Javascript)。
编辑:线段由两个端点定义。线段AB由两点A (x1,y1)和B (x2,y2)定义。我要求的是这条线段到点C (x3,y3)的距离。我的几何技能生疏了,所以我看到的例子让我很困惑,我很遗憾地承认。
我需要一个基本函数来求点到线段的最短距离。你可以随意用任何你想要的语言来编写解决方案;我可以把它翻译成什么我正在使用(Javascript)。
编辑:线段由两个端点定义。线段AB由两点A (x1,y1)和B (x2,y2)定义。我要求的是这条线段到点C (x3,y3)的距离。我的几何技能生疏了,所以我看到的例子让我很困惑,我很遗憾地承认。
当前回答
这里没有看到Java实现,所以我将Javascript函数从接受的答案转换为Java代码:
static double sqr(double x) {
return x * x;
}
static double dist2(DoublePoint v, DoublePoint w) {
return sqr(v.x - w.x) + sqr(v.y - w.y);
}
static double distToSegmentSquared(DoublePoint p, DoublePoint v, DoublePoint w) {
double l2 = dist2(v, w);
if (l2 == 0) return dist2(p, v);
double t = ((p.x - v.x) * (w.x - v.x) + (p.y - v.y) * (w.y - v.y)) / l2;
if (t < 0) return dist2(p, v);
if (t > 1) return dist2(p, w);
return dist2(p, new DoublePoint(
v.x + t * (w.x - v.x),
v.y + t * (w.y - v.y)
));
}
static double distToSegment(DoublePoint p, DoublePoint v, DoublePoint w) {
return Math.sqrt(distToSegmentSquared(p, v, w));
}
static class DoublePoint {
public double x;
public double y;
public DoublePoint(double x, double y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
}
其他回答
在数学
它使用线段的参数描述,并将点投影到线段定义的直线中。当参数在线段内从0到1时,如果投影在这个范围之外,我们计算到相应端点的距离,而不是法线到线段的直线。
Clear["Global`*"];
distance[{start_, end_}, pt_] :=
Module[{param},
param = ((pt - start).(end - start))/Norm[end - start]^2; (*parameter. the "."
here means vector product*)
Which[
param < 0, EuclideanDistance[start, pt], (*If outside bounds*)
param > 1, EuclideanDistance[end, pt],
True, EuclideanDistance[pt, start + param (end - start)] (*Normal distance*)
]
];
策划的结果:
Plot3D[distance[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}}, {xp, yp}], {xp, -1, 2}, {yp, -1, 2}]
画出比截断距离更近的点:
等高线图:
这是一个自成体系的Delphi / Pascal版本的函数,基于上面约书亚的答案。使用TPoint用于VCL屏幕图形,但应该易于根据需要进行调整。
function DistancePtToSegment( pt, pt1, pt2: TPoint): double;
var
a, b, c, d: double;
len_sq: double;
param: double;
xx, yy: double;
dx, dy: double;
begin
a := pt.x - pt1.x;
b := pt.y - pt1.y;
c := pt2.x - pt1.x;
d := pt2.y - pt1.y;
len_sq := (c * c) + (d * d);
param := -1;
if (len_sq <> 0) then
begin
param := ((a * c) + (b * d)) / len_sq;
end;
if param < 0 then
begin
xx := pt1.x;
yy := pt1.y;
end
else if param > 1 then
begin
xx := pt2.x;
yy := pt2.y;
end
else begin
xx := pt1.x + param * c;
yy := pt1.y + param * d;
end;
dx := pt.x - xx;
dy := pt.y - yy;
result := sqrt( (dx * dx) + (dy * dy))
end;
Lua: 查找线段(不是整条线)与点之间的最小距离
function solveLinearEquation(A1,B1,C1,A2,B2,C2)
--it is the implitaion of a method of solving linear equations in x and y
local f1 = B1*C2 -B2*C1
local f2 = A2*C1-A1*C2
local f3 = A1*B2 -A2*B1
return {x= f1/f3, y= f2/f3}
end
function pointLiesOnLine(x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2)
local dx1 = x-x1
local dy1 = y-y1
local dx2 = x-x2
local dy2 = y-y2
local crossProduct = dy1*dx2 -dx1*dy2
if crossProduct ~= 0 then return false
else
if ((x1>=x) and (x>=x2)) or ((x2>=x) and (x>=x1)) then
if ((y1>=y) and (y>=y2)) or ((y2>=y) and (y>=y1)) then
return true
else return false end
else return false end
end
end
function dist(x1,y1,x2,y2)
local dx = x1-x2
local dy = y1-y2
return math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy* dy)
end
function findMinDistBetnPointAndLine(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3)
-- finds the min distance between (x3,y3) and line (x1,y2)--(x2,y2)
local A2,B2,C2,A1,B1,C1
local dx = y2-y1
local dy = x2-x1
if dx == 0 then A2=1 B2=0 C2=-x3 A1=0 B1=1 C1=-y1
elseif dy == 0 then A2=0 B2=1 C2=-y3 A1=1 B1=0 C1=-x1
else
local m1 = dy/dx
local m2 = -1/m1
A2=m2 B2=-1 C2=y3-m2*x3 A1=m1 B1=-1 C1=y1-m1*x1
end
local intsecPoint= solveLinearEquation(A1,B1,C1,A2,B2,C2)
if pointLiesOnLine(intsecPoint.x, intsecPoint.y,x1,y1,x2,y2) then
return dist(intsecPoint.x, intsecPoint.y, x3,y3)
else
return math.min(dist(x3,y3,x1,y1),dist(x3,y3,x2,y2))
end
end
Matlab代码,内置“自检”,如果他们调用函数没有参数:
function r = distPointToLineSegment( xy0, xy1, xyP )
% r = distPointToLineSegment( xy0, xy1, xyP )
if( nargin < 3 )
selfTest();
r=0;
else
vx = xy0(1)-xyP(1);
vy = xy0(2)-xyP(2);
ux = xy1(1)-xy0(1);
uy = xy1(2)-xy0(2);
lenSqr= (ux*ux+uy*uy);
detP= -vx*ux + -vy*uy;
if( detP < 0 )
r = norm(xy0-xyP,2);
elseif( detP > lenSqr )
r = norm(xy1-xyP,2);
else
r = abs(ux*vy-uy*vx)/sqrt(lenSqr);
end
end
function selfTest()
%#ok<*NASGU>
disp(['invalid args, distPointToLineSegment running (recursive) self-test...']);
ptA = [1;1]; ptB = [-1;-1];
ptC = [1/2;1/2]; % on the line
ptD = [-2;-1.5]; % too far from line segment
ptE = [1/2;0]; % should be same as perpendicular distance to line
ptF = [1.5;1.5]; % along the A-B but outside of the segment
distCtoAB = distPointToLineSegment(ptA,ptB,ptC)
distDtoAB = distPointToLineSegment(ptA,ptB,ptD)
distEtoAB = distPointToLineSegment(ptA,ptB,ptE)
distFtoAB = distPointToLineSegment(ptA,ptB,ptF)
figure(1); clf;
circle = @(x, y, r, c) rectangle('Position', [x-r, y-r, 2*r, 2*r], ...
'Curvature', [1 1], 'EdgeColor', c);
plot([ptA(1) ptB(1)],[ptA(2) ptB(2)],'r-x'); hold on;
plot(ptC(1),ptC(2),'b+'); circle(ptC(1),ptC(2), 0.5e-1, 'b');
plot(ptD(1),ptD(2),'g+'); circle(ptD(1),ptD(2), distDtoAB, 'g');
plot(ptE(1),ptE(2),'k+'); circle(ptE(1),ptE(2), distEtoAB, 'k');
plot(ptF(1),ptF(2),'m+'); circle(ptF(1),ptF(2), distFtoAB, 'm');
hold off;
axis([-3 3 -3 3]); axis equal;
end
end
C#
改编自@Grumdrig
public static double MinimumDistanceToLineSegment(this Point p,
Line line)
{
var v = line.StartPoint;
var w = line.EndPoint;
double lengthSquared = DistanceSquared(v, w);
if (lengthSquared == 0.0)
return Distance(p, v);
double t = Math.Max(0, Math.Min(1, DotProduct(p - v, w - v) / lengthSquared));
var projection = v + t * (w - v);
return Distance(p, projection);
}
public static double Distance(Point a, Point b)
{
return Math.Sqrt(DistanceSquared(a, b));
}
public static double DistanceSquared(Point a, Point b)
{
var d = a - b;
return DotProduct(d, d);
}
public static double DotProduct(Point a, Point b)
{
return (a.X * b.X) + (a.Y * b.Y);
}