试一试 正则表达式，如此之慢，因此:

var SetParamUrl = function(_k, _v) {// replace and add new parameters

    let arrParams = window.location.search !== '' ? decodeURIComponent(window.location.search.substr(1)).split('&').map(_v => _v.split('=')) : Array();
    let index = arrParams.findIndex((_v) => _v[0] === _k); 
    index = index !== -1 ? index : arrParams.length;
    _v === null ? arrParams = arrParams.filter((_v, _i) => _i != index) : arrParams[index] = [_k, _v];
    let _search = encodeURIComponent(arrParams.map(_v => _v.join('=')).join('&'));

    let newurl = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host + window.location.pathname + (arrParams.length > 0 ? '?' +  _search : ''); 

    // window.location = newurl; //reload 

    if (history.pushState) { // without reload  
        window.history.pushState({path:newurl}, null, newurl);
    }

};

var GetParamUrl = function(_k) {// get parameter by key

    let sPageURL = decodeURIComponent(window.location.search.substr(1)),
        sURLVariables = sPageURL.split('&').map(_v => _v.split('='));
    let _result = sURLVariables.find(_v => _v[0] === _k);
    return _result[1];

};

例子:

        // https://some.com/some_path
        GetParamUrl('cat');//undefined
        SetParamUrl('cat', "strData");// https://some.com/some_path?cat=strData
        GetParamUrl('cat');//strData
        SetParamUrl('sotr', "strDataSort");// https://some.com/some_path?cat=strData&sotr=strDataSort
        GetParamUrl('sotr');//strDataSort
        SetParamUrl('cat', "strDataTwo");// https://some.com/some_path?cat=strDataTwo&sotr=strDataSort
        GetParamUrl('cat');//strDataTwo
        //remove param
        SetParamUrl('cat', null);// https://some.com/some_path?sotr=strDataSort

好的，在这里我比较两个函数，一个由我自己(regExp)和另一个由(annakata)。

将数组:

function insertParam(key, value)
{
    key = escape(key); value = escape(value);

    var kvp = document.location.search.substr(1).split('&');

    var i=kvp.length; var x; while(i--) 
    {
        x = kvp[i].split('=');

        if (x[0]==key)
        {
                x[1] = value;
                kvp[i] = x.join('=');
                break;
        }
    }

    if(i<0) {kvp[kvp.length] = [key,value].join('=');}

    //this will reload the page, it's likely better to store this until finished
    return "&"+kvp.join('&'); 
}

正则表达式的方法:

function addParameter(param, value)
{
    var regexp = new RegExp("(\\?|\\&)" + param + "\\=([^\\&]*)(\\&|$)");
    if (regexp.test(document.location.search)) 
        return (document.location.search.toString().replace(regexp, function(a, b, c, d)
        {
                return (b + param + "=" + value + d);
        }));
    else 
        return document.location.search+ param + "=" + value;
}

测试用例:

time1=(new Date).getTime();
for (var i=0;i<10000;i++)
{
addParameter("test","test");
}
time2=(new Date).getTime();
for (var i=0;i<10000;i++)
{
insertParam("test","test");
}

time3=(new Date).getTime();

console.log((time2-time1)+" "+(time3-time2));

似乎即使使用最简单的解决方案(当regexp只使用test而不输入.replace函数时)，它仍然比分裂要慢…好。Regexp有点慢，但是…喔…

Vianney Bajart的答案是正确的;然而，URL只会工作，如果你有完整的URL端口，主机，路径和查询:

new URL('http://server/myapp.php?id=10&enabled=true')

URLSearchParams只会在你只传递查询字符串时起作用:

new URLSearchParams('?id=10&enabled=true')

如果你有一个不完整或相对的URL，不关心的基础URL，你可以通过?获取查询字符串，然后像这样连接:

function setUrlParams(url, key, value) {
  url = url.split('?');
  usp = new URLSearchParams(url[1]);
  usp.set(key, value);
  url[1] = usp.toString();
  return url.join('?');
}

let url = 'myapp.php?id=10';
url = setUrlParams(url, 'enabled', true);  // url = 'myapp.php?id=10&enabled=true'
url = setUrlParams(url, 'id', 11);         // url = 'myapp.php?id=11&enabled=true'

Internet Explorer浏览器不兼容。

它处理这样的URL:

空 没有任何参数 已经有一些参数 有什么?在最后，但同时没有任何参数

它不处理这样的URL:

带有片段标识符(即散列，#) 如果URL已经有必要的查询参数(那么将会有重复)

适用于:

Chrome 32 + 火狐26 + 野生动物园7.1 +

function appendQueryParameter(url, name, value) {
    if (url.length === 0) {
        return;
    }

    let rawURL = url;

    // URL with `?` at the end and without query parameters
    // leads to incorrect result.
    if (rawURL.charAt(rawURL.length - 1) === "?") {
        rawURL = rawURL.slice(0, rawURL.length - 1);
    }

    const parsedURL = new URL(rawURL);
    let parameters = parsedURL.search;

    parameters += (parameters.length === 0) ? "?" : "&";
    parameters = (parameters + name + "=" + value);

    return (parsedURL.origin + parsedURL.pathname + parameters);
}

使用ES6模板字符串的版本。

适用于:

Chrome 41 + 火狐32 + 野生动物园9.1 +

function appendQueryParameter(url, name, value) {
    if (url.length === 0) {
        return;
    }

    let rawURL = url;

    // URL with `?` at the end and without query parameters
    // leads to incorrect result.
    if (rawURL.charAt(rawURL.length - 1) === "?") {
        rawURL = rawURL.slice(0, rawURL.length - 1);
    }

    const parsedURL = new URL(rawURL);
    let parameters = parsedURL.search;

    parameters += (parameters.length === 0) ? "?" : "&";
    parameters = `${parameters}${name}=${value}`;

    return `${parsedURL.origin}${parsedURL.pathname}${parameters}`;
}

你需要适应的基本实现是这样的:

function insertParam(key, value) {
    key = encodeURIComponent(key);
    value = encodeURIComponent(value);

    // kvp looks like ['key1=value1', 'key2=value2', ...]
    var kvp = document.location.search.substr(1).split('&');
    let i=0;

    for(; i<kvp.length; i++){
        if (kvp[i].startsWith(key + '=')) {
            let pair = kvp[i].split('=');
            pair[1] = value;
            kvp[i] = pair.join('=');
            break;
        }
    }

    if(i >= kvp.length){
        kvp[kvp.length] = [key,value].join('=');
    }

    // can return this or...
    let params = kvp.join('&');

    // reload page with new params
    document.location.search = params;
}

这大约是正则表达式或基于搜索的解决方案的两倍，但这完全取决于查询字符串的长度和任何匹配的索引

为了完成起见，我以慢速regex方法为基准(大约慢了150%)

function insertParam2(key,value)
{
    key = encodeURIComponent(key); value = encodeURIComponent(value);

    var s = document.location.search;
    var kvp = key+"="+value;

    var r = new RegExp("(&|\\?)"+key+"=[^\&]*");

    s = s.replace(r,"$1"+kvp);

    if(!RegExp.$1) {s += (s.length>0 ? '&' : '?') + kvp;};

    //again, do what you will here
    document.location.search = s;
}

有时我们看到?在URL结尾，我找到了一些解决方案，生成的结果为file.php?&foo=bar。我想出了我自己的解决方案，以完美地工作!

location.origin + location.pathname + location.search + (location.search=='' ? '?' : '&') + 'lang=ar'

注意:位置。origin不能在IE中工作，这里是它的修复。